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بررسی رابطه‌ی هوش فرهنگی و هوش عاطفی راهنمایان تورهای خروجی شهر تهران | ||
| برنامه ریزی و توسعه گردشگری | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 4، شماره 15، اسفند 1394، صفحه 24-41 اصل مقاله (468.5 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی-پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهدی کروبی1؛ ارغوان هادی‌نژاد* 2؛ سید احمد تقویان نوغان2 | ||
| 1دانشیار گروه مدیریت گردشگری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت گردشگری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 14 آذر 1394، تاریخ بازنگری: 21 بهمن 1394، تاریخ پذیرش: 04 اسفند 1394 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| با روند رو به رشد جهانی شدن و پررنگ‌تر شدن روابط بین‌المللی، روابط بین فردی با پیشینه‌های فرهنگی متفاوت بیش از پیش اهمیت پیدا می‌کند. لذا این پژوهش جهت بررسی رابطه هوش فرهنگی و هوش عاطفی راهنمایان تورهای خروجی شهر تهران، از طریق پرسشنامه به مطالعه‌ی 330 راهنمای تور خروجی پرداخته است. برای این منظور به توزیع پرسشنامه‌ی هوش فرهنگی و هوش عاطفی در میان جامعه‌ی مورد پژوهش پرداخته شده است. جهت بررسی رابطه هوش فرهنگی و هوش عاطفی از آزمون تحلیل همبسنگی استفاده شده است و روایی سازه با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی تأییدی انجام گرفته است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که هوش فرهنگی راهنمایان تورها در سطح اطمینان 99 درصد تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر میزان هوش عاطفی آنان دارد. همچنین آزمون فرضیه با استفاده از مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری بیانگر وجود رابطه علی میان هوش فرهنگی و هوش عاطفی در بین راهنمایان تورها می‌باشد و 31 درصد از نوسانات هوش عاطفی راهنمایان تورها را می‌توان صرفاً با استفاده از متغیر هوش فرهنگی تبیین کرد. بنابراین با بهبود هوش فرهنگی راهنمایان تورها، هوش عاطفی آنان افزایش می‌یابد. راهنمایی که از این دو مولفه هوشی بهرهمند است، به عنوان نماینده گروه گردشگرانی که به یک مقصد میروند، میتواند به بهبود ارتباط میان گردشگران و جامعه‌ی میزبان کمک کند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| هوش فرهنگی؛ هوش عاطفی؛ راهنمایان تورهای خروجی؛ گردشگری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Studying the Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence among Outgoing Tour Leaders in Tehran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mahdi Karroubi1؛ Arghavan Hadinejad2؛ Seyyed Ahmad Taghavian Noghan2 | ||
| 1Associate Professor of Tourism Management, Allameh Tabatabai University | ||
| 2Ph.D. Candidate of Tourism Management, Allameh Tabatabai University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract In order to study the relationship between Tehran’s outgoing tour leaders’ cultural intelligence (CQ) and their emotional intelligence (EI), data were collected from 330 outgoing tour leaders. The correlation analysis was used to test the relationship between CQ and EI and the construct validity was confirmed by using confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that CQ had a positive effect on EI. Besides, the hypothesis testing showed that there is a causal relationship between CQ and EI. The results of the study showed 31% of the outgoing tour leaders’ EI can be defined through CQ. By improving the tour leaders’ CQ, their EI could be improved subsequently. An outgoing tour leader with high CQ and EI, as a representative of a group of tourists, can improve the relationship between the tourists and the host community. Introduction With the globalizing trend and highlighting the international interactions, personal relations with different cultural backgrounds become more and more important. One of the important factors that give rise to understanding and tolerance in multicultural environments is cultural intelligence. Today, psychologists consider emotional intelligence as an important characteristic difference along with scientific intelligence and contend that these differences can directly influence people’s ability of communication and thus their whole lives. Emotional intelligence is the people’s ability y to express their individual emotions and to understand other people’s emotions (Law et al., 2004). With the increasing interest of politicians in non-oil revenue, tourism industry has received much more attention in the recent years. Considering the industry’s great potential to increase income, employment and foreign exchange earnings, and due to the little economic leakage, many of the policy makers try to replace the oil income with what the lucrative tourism industry can offer. This project aims to study the relationship between cultural intelligence and emotional intelligence among outgoing tour guides of city of Tehran, Iran. This research project aims to offer solutions and clues to tour guides in general and outgoing tour guides of Tehran in particular so that they would successfully control the challenges of cultural differences. Materials and Methods Earley and Ang (2003) are believed to be the first who introduced the concept of cultural intelligence. They defined cultural intelligence (CQ) as the ability to learn new patterns in cultural interactions and provide correct behavioral responses to these patterns. Cultural intelligence is, in fact, the ability to produce interactive and effective reactions to those people who are from various cultural backgrounds. Cultural intelligence enables people to recognize cultural differences through knowledge and understanding and behave appropriately in the face of different cultures (Van Dyne & Ang, 2005). Salovey and Mayer (1990) first introduced emotional intelligence and defined emotional intelligence as a kind of social intelligence, which enables an individual to observe others’ actions, differentiates between different emotions and channels one’s thoughts and actions using this information (Salovey & Mayer, 1990). This research is an applied one based on the aim of the study and the data were collected through questionnaires. The normality of data was achieved with the help of Kolmogorov-Smirnov, to investigate a significant relationship between variables, Pearson correlation coefficient was used and to test the causal relationship between variables, modeling structural equation was used. Discussion and Results To test the normality of data distribution, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used. The level of significance for cultural intelligence variable is 0.329 which is bigger than 0.05 and therefore this variable is normal. The results of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for Emotional Intelligence was 0.384 which is bigger than 0.05 and therefore this variable is normal. As the results indicate, there is a positive and significant relation between cultural intelligence and Emotional Intelligence (SigStructural equation modeling was used to test hypothesis and study the causal relation between variables. The results show that tour leaders' cultural intelligence has a significant relation with their emotional intelligence. According to t statistical figure, cultural intelligence variable in the certainty level of 99% has a positive and significant effect on emotional intelligence. The relation between these two variables is a linear and direct one. Therefore, when tour leaders' cultural intelligence improves and changes, their emotional intelligence increases. R equals 0.31. Thus, cultural intelligence variable could predict 31% of changes of tour leaders' emotional intelligence. Conclusion The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between cultural intelligence and emotional intelligence. According to the results, outgoing tour leaders’ cultural intelligence has a significant relationship with their emotional intelligence. Besides, the Structural equation modeling shows that cultural intelligence variable could predict 31% of changes of tour leaders' emotional intelligence. The results of this study confirm the findings of the previous research by Moon (2010). The results of this study show by improving cultural intelligence, a tour leader’s emotional intelligence will be improved and these leaders can understand other cultures better and make a better communication with the host community. Therefore such leaders can understand their own feelings and others’ feelings better and manage them in a better way which leads to the improvement of the relationship between a tour leader and the host community. So it is predicted to pay more attention to the factors which affect the quality of relationships in an industry, in which inter-cultural relations are of much importance. Keywords: Cultural Intelligence, Emotional Intelligence, Outgoing Tour Leaders, Tourism References: Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., Koh, C., Templer, K.J., Tay, C. and Chandrasekar, N.A. (2007). Cultural intelligence: Its measurement and effects on cultural judgment and decision making, cultural adaptation and task performance, Management and Organization Review, 3: 335-371. Ang, S. Van Dyne, L. and Koh, C. (2006). Personality correlates of the four-factor model of cultural intelligence, Group and Organization Management, 31: 100–123. Earley, P.C. and Ang, S. (2003). Cultural intelligence: Individual Interactions Across Cultures, Stanford: Stanford University Press. Earley, P.C. (2002). Defining interactions across cultures and organizations: Moving forward with cultural intelligence, Research in Organizational Behavior, 24: 271-299. Earley, P.C. and Peterson, R.S. (2004). The elusive cultural chameleon: Cultural intelligence as a new approach to intercultural training for the global manager, Academy of Management Learning and Education, 3: 100–115. Earley, P.C., Ang, S. and Tan, J.S. (2006). CQ: Developing Cultural Intelligence at Work, Stanford, CA: Stanford Business Books. Goleman, D. (1995a). Emotional Intelligence, New York: Bantam Books. Goleman, D. (1998a). Working with Emotional Intelligence, New York: Bantam Books. Jafarai, J. (2000). Ensyclopedia of Tourism, London: Routledge. Jordan, P., Ashkanasy, N., Hartel, C. and Hooper, G. (2002). Workgroup emotional intelligence: Scale development and relationship to team process effectiveness and goal, Human Resource Management Review, 12: 195-214. Kroeber, A. and Parsons, T. (1958). The Concepts of culture and of social system, American Sociological Review, 23: 582-583. Kumar, N., Rose, N.C. and Subramaniam, (2008). The bond between intelligences: Cultural, emotional, and social, Performance Improvement, 47(10): 42–48. Law, K. S., Wong, C.S. and Song, L.J. (2004). The construct and criterion validity of emotional intelligence and its potential utility for management students, Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(3): 483–496. 14. Lee, J. and Ok, C. (2012). Reducing burnout and enhancing job satisfaction: Critical role of hotel employees’ emotional intelligence and emotional labor, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(4): 1101-1112. 15. Li, M., Mobley, W.H. and Kelly, A. (2016). Linking personality to cultural intelligence: An interactive effect of openness and agreeableness, Personality and Individual Differences, 89: 105–110. Lin, Y.C., Chen, A.S.Y. and Song, Y.C. (2012). Does your intelligence help to survive in a foreign jungle? The effects of cultural intelligence and emotional intelligence on cross-cultural adjustment, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36(4): 541-552. Mayer, J.D. and Salovey, P. (1995). Emotional intelligence and the construction and regulation of feelings, Applied and Preventive Psychology, 4: 197-208. Moon, T. (2010). Emotional intelligence correlates of the four-factor model of cultural intelligence, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25(8): 876-898. Naeeji, M. and Abbasalizadeh, N. (2012). Cultural intelligence and its relationship with managers’ entrepreneurial characteristics of Iran’s private organizations, Tose’e Karafarini, 4(12): 27-44. (In Persian) Oden, K.B., Lohani, M., McCoy, M., Crutchfield, J. and Rivers, S. (2015). Embedding emotional intelligence into military training contexts, Procedia Manufacturing, 3: 4052 – 4059. Parsa, N. (2011). Emotional Intelligence, Tehran: Roshd Press. (In Persian) | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Cultural Intelligence, Emotional Intelligence, Outgoing Tour Leaders, Tourism | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 2,570 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 3,778 |
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