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مفهوم امنیت ملی در رویه قضایی دیوان اروپایی حقوق بشر | ||
| پژوهشنامه حقوق تطبیقی | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 7، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 11، فروردین 1402، صفحه 129-149 اصل مقاله (421.99 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22080/lps.2022.24255.1390 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| ستار عزیزی* 1؛ حسین حسینی محجوب2 | ||
| 1استاد حقوق بین الملل، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران | ||
| 2دکتری حقوق بین‌الملل عمومی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 12 شهریور 1401، تاریخ بازنگری: 07 مهر 1401، تاریخ پذیرش: 01 آبان 1401 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پاسداشت «امنیت ملی» از موجباتی است که به دولت‌ها اجازه می‌دهد تا بهره‌مندی افراد حقیقی و تشکلها و احزاب از حقوق مدنی و سیاسی از حقوق مشروط بشری را محدود کنند. رعایت ملزومات این مفهوم همچون لزوم حفظ حقوق و آزادیهای دیگران، ابزاری اطمینان بخش به دولت‌هاست تا از موجودیت، منافع حیاتی و تمامیت ارضی خود پاسداری نمایند. با وجود این، در آن نوع حکومتهایی که امنیت ملی بر ساختاری تک بعدی و و قدرت محور، انتظام یافته است، حقوق و منافع مخالفان از جمله گروههای اقلیت ممکن است به بهانه رعایت «امنیت ملی» نقض گردد. پرسش اصلی این مقاله آن است که رویه قضایی دیوان اروپایی حقوق بشری، مفهوم «امنیت ملی» را در قضایای مطرح شده به چه نحوی تفسیر کرده است؟ تحقیق حاضر به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه‌ای و اینترنتی نگاشته شده است. فرضیه نگارنده آن است که رویه قضایی به ویراستاری و تنقیح این مفهوم، اهتمام ورزیده است تا آن را از مفهومی تک بعدی و حکومت محور، به مفهومی چندبعدی و مردم محور، تبدیل و تعدیل نماید. به گونه‌ای که منافع و آمال تمامی گروهها و جوامع مختلفِ ساکن در یک کشور، در بنای مولفه‌های امنیت ملی در آن دولت، تامین گردد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| امنیت ملی؛ حقوق بشر؛ رویه قضایی؛ دیوان اروپایی حقوق بشر؛ حقوق اقلیت‌ها | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Concept of National Security in the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Sattar Azizi1؛ Hossein Hosseini mahjoob2 | ||
| 1Professor of International Law, Faculty of Humanities, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. | ||
| 2PhD in Public International Law, Science And Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Protecting "national security" is one of the reasons that allows governments to limit the enjoyment of civil and political rights by individuals, organizations, and parties. Compliance with the requirements of this concept, such as the need to protect the rights and freedoms of others, is a reassuring tool for governments to protect their existence, vital interests, and territorial integrity. Despite this, in those governments where national security is organized on a one-dimensional and power-oriented structure, the rights and interests of opponents, including minority groups, may be violated under the pretext of observing "national security". The main question of this article is: “How the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights has interpreted the concept of "national security" in the aforementioned cases?” The present research is written in a descriptive-analytical method using library and internet sources. The author's hypothesis is that the judicial procedure has been devoted to editing and revising this concept to change and adjust it from a one-dimensional and government-oriented concept to a multi-dimensional and people-oriented concept, in such a way that the interests and aspirations of all groups and communities living in a country are provided based on the components of national security in that government. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| National security, Human rights, Case law, European Court of Human Rights, Minority rights | ||
| مراجع | ||
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Azizi, Sattar (2014). Protection of Minority Rights in International Law, Tehran, Shahrdanesh Institute of Legal Studies and Research.(In Persian). Aalipour. Hassan (2019) Legal Foundations of National Security in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Strategic Studies Quarterly,vol:23, no. 4. Pp.49-77.(In Persian). Dembour. Marie Be´ne´dicte (2006),Who Believes in Human Rights?, Cambridge University Press. Dufar, Jean (2012), Group Freedoms, translated by Ali-Akbar Gurji-Azandriani, first edition, Tehran: Majd Publications .(In Persian) Eftekhari, Asghar (1998) National Security: Approaches and Works, Strategic Studies Quarterly,vol:2, no. 2, pp.27-60.(In Persian). Eliadis, Pearl (2011), National Security and Human Rights, Canadian Human Rights Commission. Farastkhah, Maqsood (2016). The Mind and everything: Schemas for Living, Tehran, second edition, kargadan Publications.(In Persian) Falsafi, Hedayatullah (2019), The course of reason in the international law system, second edition, New Publishing Farhang.(In Persian). Greer, Steven (2006), the European Convention on Human Rights: Achievements, Problems and Prospects, Cambridge University Press. Jayawickrama, Nihal (2002),The Judicial Application of Human Rights Law: National, Regional and International Jurisprudence, Cambridge University press. Katouzian, Nasser (2012), Freedom of Thought and Expression, Tehran, Faculty of Law and Political Science Publications. (In Persian). Kempen, Piet Hein van (2013),Four Concepts of Security: AHuman Rights Perspective, Human Rights Law Review, vol:13, No:1, pp.1-23. Mousavi Mirklai, Seyed Taha & Seyed Sadegh Amin Hosseini (1401) .Criteria of restriction of freedom of assembly in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. Legal Studies, Volume 14, No.1.pp.335-370. (In Persian). Peers, Steve (1996), National Security and European Law, Yearbook of European Law, Volume 16, Issue 1, pp. 363–404. Qari Seyyed Fatemi, Seyyed Mohammad (2013). Human rights in the contemporary world, volume one: an introduction to theoretical issues: concepts, foundations, scope and sources, Tehran, Institute of Legal Studies and Research. (In Persian). Qanberlou, Abdullah (2017) .National Security: Concept, Theory and Practice. Two scientific-specialist Quarterly Journals of Applied Politics, vol:1,no.1. pp.41-67(In Persian). Zamani, Seyyed Qasim, Amir Saed Vakil and Pouria Askari (2014), Regional Institutions and Mechanisms for the Protection of Human Rights, Shahradanesh Institute of Legal Studies and Research. (In Persian).
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Siracusa Principles on the Limitation and Derogation of Provisions in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (E/CN.4/1985/4, annex). General comment no. 37 (2020) on the right of peaceful assembly (article 21) : Human Rights Committee, CCPR/C/GC/37. | ||
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