تعداد نشریات | 28 |
تعداد شمارهها | 390 |
تعداد مقالات | 3,802 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 6,213,889 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 4,555,418 |
مطالعه تطبیقی قلمروی قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران؛ از سند نوشته تا نانوشته | ||
پژوهشنامه حقوق تطبیقی | ||
مقاله 11، دوره 7، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 12، مهر 1402، صفحه 199-221 اصل مقاله (685.51 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22080/lps.2023.24490.1423 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
آیت مولائی* 1؛ محمدرضا مجتهدی2؛ سید حسین ملکوتی هشجین3؛ مائده سلیمانی دینانی4 | ||
1دانشیار گروه حقوق، دانشکده حقوق و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران. | ||
2استاد گروه حقوق، دانشکده حقوق و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران. | ||
3استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشکده حقوق و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران | ||
4دانشجوی دکتری حقوق عمومی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران | ||
تاریخ دریافت: 17 آبان 1401، تاریخ بازنگری: 16 دی 1401، تاریخ پذیرش: 17 دی 1401 | ||
چکیده | ||
هر چند به نظر میرسد سند مکتوب قانون اساسی در کشورهای مبتنی بر قانون اساسی نوشته، نظم اساسی موجود را تنظیم و کنترل میکند امّا واقعیت این است که «سیاست در جریان» و داد و ستدهای سیاسی موجود نه تنها به طور کامل تحت کنترل سند نوشته قانون اساسی قرار ندارند بلکه حتّی در مواردی سیاست بر حقوق چیره شده و نحوه و مسیر اجرای هنجارهای حقوقی را نیز تعیین مینماید. در نتیجه، تمرکز بر شکل و قالب قانون اساسی نباید ما را از بررسی محتوا و واقعیتهای سیاسی در جریان جامعه بازدارد. نوشتار حاضر ضمن بررسی و تطبیق سند نوشته با برخی از مهمترین عناصر نانوشته در نظام حقوق اساسی ایران و با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و همچنین مطالعهی نظرات شورای نگهبان و سایر منابع در دسترس، در پی پاسخ به این سؤال که، آیا نظم حقوق اساسی ایران به طور کامل بر طبق قانون اساسی نوشته عمل میکند؟ در راستای کشف بیشتر ماهیت حقوقی یا سیاسیِ نظم اساسی در ایران میکوشد. آوردهی تحقیق حاکی از این است که در نظم حقوق اساسی ما مؤلفههای نانوشته و تفسیرپذیر موجب پیوند متن نوشته قانون اساسی با برخی از حوزههای نانوشته میشود. به اعتباری، مشروطه ما نه کاملا حقوقی و نه کاملا سیاسی است و از هر دو وجه نوشته و نانوشته برخوردار است و نظرات شورای نگهبان دریچهای برای شناخت آنهاست. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
قانون اساسی نوشته؛ قانون اساسی نانوشته؛ شورای نگهبان؛ دادرس اساسی؛ تفسیر قانون اساسی | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Comparative Study of the Scope of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s Constitution: From Written to Unwritten Document | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Ayat Mulaee1؛ Mohammadreza Mojtehedi2؛ Seyed Hossein Malakooti Hashjin3؛ Maedeh Soleymani Dinani4 | ||
1Associate Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. | ||
2Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. | ||
3Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. | ||
4PhD Student of Public Law, Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Although it seems that the written document of the constitution regulates and controls the existing constitutional order in the written constitution countries, the reality is that "politics in progress" and existing political transactions are not only not fully under the control of the written document of the constitution, but even in some cases, politics has prevailed over rights and determines the way and direction of the implementation of legal norms. As a result, focusing on the form and format of the Constitution should not prevent the examination of the content and political realities in society. The present article, with a descriptive-analytical method and by studying the opinions of the Guardian Council and other available sources, seeks to answer the question that, does Iran's constitutional law function fully according to the written constitution? This study also tries to discover more about the legal or political nature of the basic order in Iran. The result of the research indicates that in Iran’s system of constitutional rights, unwritten and interpretable components link the written text of the constitution with some unwritten areas. On credit, Iran’s constitution is neither completely legal nor completely political, and has both written and unwritten aspects, and the opinions of the Guardian Council are a window to understand them. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Written Constitution, Unwritten Constitution, Guardian Council, Basic Judge, Interpretation of the Constitution | ||
مراجع | ||
Amar, A. R. (2012), America’s Unwritten Constitution, Basic Books, New York. AnNaim, A. (2008), Islam and the Secular State Negotiating the Future of Sharia, Harvard University Press. Annotated report of the deliberations of the Parliament of the Final Review of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, (1985), the first to the thirty-first session, the General Department of Cultural Affairs and Public Relations of the Islamic Council, First Edition. (in persian) Annotated report of the deliberations of the Parliament of the Final Review of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, (1985), 32nd to 50th session, General Department of Cultural Affairs and Public Relations of the Islamic Council, First Edition. (in persian) Arasta, M. J, & Broumand, M. (2019). Original structural requirements in the Islamic Republic of Iran's constitutional rights, Knowledge Quarterly of Public Law, Vol 25. (in persian) Ebrahimpour, A. & Yousefzadeh. M. (2019). Analysis of the reference to the Fatwas of the Velayat Faqih authority in the views of the Guardian Council, Proceedings of the First National Conference on the Unwritten Principles of the Constitution, Qom: Darul Alam Publishing House. (in persian) Griffin, S. M. (1996), American Constitutionalism, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. Habibnejad, S. A. & Mansouri Borojni, M. (2019), Areas of ethics in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran with an emphasis on the approach of religious government, Philosophy of Religion, Vol 16. (in persian) Huscroft, G. (2008), Expounding the Constitution; Essays in Constitutional Theory, University of Western Ontario, Cambridge University Press. Kadivar, Mohsen, (2003), The Sharia of the Guardian Council against the Law of the Majlis, reflection of thought. (in persian) Kálmán, P. (2019), Patterns of constitutionalism: who has the final word?, Judicial-legislative relations in Europe, Constitutionalism in the European Union and the constitutional interaction between the West and East of Europe Public Hearing / Committee on Constitutional Affairs / European Parliament, Brussels. Khosropanah, A. H. (1999). The position of expediency in provincial government, A collection of essays on Imam Khomeini and Islamic government, governmental rulings and expediency, Tehran: Imam Khomeini's Writing and Publishing Institute. (in persian) Law, D. S. (2010), Constitutions, The Oxford Handbook of Empirical Legal Research. Lloyd, C. (2008), English Common Law and Islamic Sharia: Principled Agreement in the Path Towards Democracy. Lombardi, C. B. (2013), Constitutional Provisions Making Sharia “A” Or “THE” Chief Source of Legislation: Where Did They Come From? What Do They Mean? Do They Matter?, AM. U. INT’L L. REV. MacDonnell, V. (2016), A Theory of Quasi-Constitutional Legislation, Osgoode Hall Law Journal, Vol 53. McClain, E. (1902), Unwritten Constitutions in the United States, Harvard Law Review, Vol 15, No. 7. Malek Afzali Ardakani, M. (2011), Government ruling in the Constitution and its position in the fundamental rights of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Islamic Government, vol. 4. (in persian) Mazhari, M. & Jangjoy, F. (2021), Ethical Approaches of the Guardian Council in the Interpretation of the Constitution with Respect to Citizens' Rights and Freedoms, Public Law Studies Quarterly, Vol. 4. (in persian) Mazhari, M. & Jangjoy, F. (2021), an analysis of the place of ethics in the views and opinions of the Guardian Council, Ta'ala Law Quarterly, vol. 3. (in persian) Mir Mousavi, S. A. (2005), Islam, tradition, modern government, Tehran: Nashrani, first edition (in persian) Moradkhani, F. (2022), two interpretations of the constitution (legal and political), collection of articles of the second conference on the unwritten principles of the constitution, Qom, Farabi School. (in persian) Murrill, B. J. (2018), Modes of Constitutional Interpretation, Congressional Research Service. Nikonhad, H. & Zandieh, Z. (2019), Islamic standards of government on the application and generality of the principles of the constitution in the procedure of the jurists of the Guardian Council; A procedural look at the effects of Shariah supervision on the principles of the Constitution, Knowledge of Public Law, Vol 24. (in persian) Rotunda, R. D. (1989), Interpreting an Unwritten Constitution, Harvard journal of Law & Public Policy, Vol 12. Sharifi, Enayat, (2015), The Origin of Obligation in Jurisprudence and Sharia Laws, Islamic Law Journal, Vol. 44. (in persian) Sherry, S. (1978), The Founders' Unwritten Constitution, The University of Chicago, Vol 54. Shigong, J. (2010), Written and Unwritten Constitutions: A New Approach to the Study of Constitutional Government in China, Modern China, 36(1). Solum, L. B. (2013), Originalism and the Unwritten Constitution, Georgetown University Law Center. Soltani, S. N. (2020), Unwritten Basic Rights, First Edition, Tehran: Publishing Company. (in persian) Stumpf, S. E. (1952), The Moral Element in Supreme Court Decisions, Vanderbilt Law Review, Vol 6. The collection of opinions of the Guardian Council on the approvals of the Islamic Council. (2011), The first period, Tehran, Research Center of the Guardian Council, Vice President for drafting, revising and publishing laws and regulations of the Presidential Legal Office. (in persian) The collection of opinions of the Guardian Council on the approvals of the Islamic Council. (2010), The second period, Research Center of the Guardian Council, Printing and Publishing Office of the Legal Vice President. (in persian) The collection of opinions of the Guardian Council on the resolutions of the Islamic Council. (2006), The third period, the Research Center of the Guardian Council, Tehran: Dadgstar Publishing. (in persian) The collection of opinions of the Guardian Council on the approvals of the Islamic Council. (2006), The 4th period, Research Center of the Guardian Council, Tehran: Dadgstar Publishing. (in persian) The collection of opinions of the Guardian Council on the approvals of the Islamic Council. (2006), The 5th period, Research Center of the Guardian Council, Tehran: Dadgstar Publishing House. (in persian) The collection of opinions of the Guardian Council on the resolutions of the Islamic Council. (2012), The 6th period, Research Center of the Guardian Council, Tehran: Printing and Publishing Department of the Presidential Legal Office. (in persian) The collection of opinions of the Guardian Council on the resolutions of the Islamic Council. (2010), The 7th period, Research Center of the Guardian Council, Tehran: Vice-President of Compilation, Revision and Publication of Laws and Regulations. (in persian) The collection of opinions of the Guardian Council on the resolutions of the Islamic Council. (2013), The 8th period, Tehran: Research Institute of the Guardian Council. (in persian) The collection of opinions of the Guardian Council on the resolutions of the Islamic Council, (2017), The 9th period, Tehran: Research Institute of the Guardian Council. (in persian) Walters, M. D. (2009), Written Constitutions and Unwritten Constitutionalism, Cambridge University Press. Yaniv, R. (2017), Unconstitutional Constitutional Amendments, The Limits of Amendment Powers, Oxford University Press.
| ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 241 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 194 |