تعداد نشریات | 30 |
تعداد شمارهها | 467 |
تعداد مقالات | 4,522 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 7,145,298 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 5,334,969 |
بررسی اثر نابرابری جنسیتی در آموزش رشتههای دانشگاهی علوم پایه، فنی و مهندسی و ریاضیات (STEM) بر رشد اقتصاد ایران: رویکرد سری زمانی ساختاری | ||
پژوهشنامه اقتصاد کلان Macroeconomics Research Letter | ||
دوره 16، شماره 32، آذر 1400، صفحه 191-217 اصل مقاله (509.41 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: علمی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22080/iejm.2023.23003.1901 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
فاطمه صادق پور1؛ محمد جعفری* 2؛ زهرا (میلا) علمی3 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد، دانشگاه لرستان، خرمآباد، ایران. | ||
2دانشیار اقتصاد، دانشگاه لرستان، خرمآباد، ایران. | ||
3استاد اقتصاد، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران. | ||
تاریخ دریافت: 26 دی 1400، تاریخ بازنگری: 24 شهریور 1401، تاریخ پذیرش: 10 آبان 1401 | ||
چکیده | ||
آموزش بهویژه در رشتههای دانشگاهی علوم پایه، فنی و مهندسی و ریاضیات (STEM)، یکی از شاخصهای با اهمیت سرمایه انسانی است. زیرا بیانگر ظرفیت اقتصاد برای نوآوری و خلاقیت است که هسته مرکزی رشد اقتصادی را تشکیل میدهد. این پژوهش از مدل نولز و همکاران (2002) که نابرابری جنسیتی در آموزش را به مدل رشد منکیو، رومر و ویل (1992) اضافه کردهاند استفاده میکند و به بررسی اثر نابرابری جنسیتی در آموزش رشتههای دانشگاهی علوم پایه، فنی و مهندسی و ریاضیات (STEM)، بر رشد اقتصاد ایران در دوره زمانی سالهای 1367 تا 1399 میپردازد. در این بررسی به دلیل ماهیت تصادفی عوامل غیرقابل مشاهدهی موثر بر رشد اقتصادی مانند پیشرفت تکنولوژی، از رویکرد الگوی اقتصاد سنجی سری زمانی ساختاری (STSM) استفاده شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان میدهد در دوره مورد مطالعه، اثر مثبت ثبتنام زنان در این رشتههای دانشگاهی (STEM) بر رشد اقتصاد ایران بیشتر از اثر مثبت ثبتنام مردان بوده است و افزایش نابرابری جنسیتی در آموزش این رشتههای دانشگاهی اثر منفی و معناداری بر رشد اقتصاد ایران داشته است. از اینرو انتظار میرود با اتخاذ سیاستهای مناسب در بازار کار با هدف رفع تبعیض جنسیتی در این بازار، به برابری جنسیتی در آموزش این رشتههای دانشگاهی بیانجامد. زیرا رشد پایدار اقتصاد در گرو توجه به درهمتنیدگی سیاستهای بازار کار و سایر نهادها از جمله نهاد آموزش است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
نابرابری جنسیتی در آموزش؛ رشتههای دانشگاهی علوم پایه؛ فنی و مهندسی و ریاضیات (STEM)؛ مدل سری زمانی ساختاری (STSM)؛ رشد اقتصادی؛ ایران | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Investigating The Effect of Gender Inequality in the Academic Education of Sciences, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) on the Economic Growth of Iran: A Structural Time Series Approach | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
fatemeh sadeghpour1؛ mohammad jafari2؛ Zahra (Mila) Elmi3 | ||
1Ph.D. student in economics, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran, | ||
2Associate Professor of Economics, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran. | ||
3Professor of Economics, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran, | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Education, especially in academic fields of basic sciences, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), is one of the significant indicators of human capital. STEM represents the economy's capacity for innovation and creativity, which forms the core of economic growth. The current research used the model of Knowles et al. (2002), who have added gender inequality in education to the economic growth model of Mankiw, Romer, and Weil (1992), to investigate the effect of gender inequality in STEM and deal with the economic growth of Iran in the period of 1988 to 2020. In this study, due to the random nature of unobservable factors affecting economic growth such as technological progress, the structural time series econometric model (STSM) approach was used. The results of the estimation showed that the positive effect of women's enrollment in STEM on economic growth is greater than the effect of men's enrollment, and the increase in gender inequality in STEM has a negative and significant effect on economic growth in Iran. Therefore, adopting appropriate policies in the labor market to eliminate gender discrimination will lead to gender equality in the education of these academic fields; because the sustainable growth of the economy depends on the intertwining of labor market policies and other institutions, including educational institutions. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Gender Inequality in Education, Academic Disciplines of Sciences, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)), Structural Time Series Model, Economic Growth, Iran | ||
مراجع | ||
Aldrich, M., & Hall, P. (1980). American Association for the Advancement of Science. Office of Opportunities in Science (1980) Programs in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering for Women in the United States: 1966–1978. Ali, A., & Ahmad, I. (2019). Nexus between gender inequality in education and economic growth in pakistan. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 58(2), 49-70. Amadeh H, Mehregan N, Haghani M, & Haddad M.(2014). Estimation of Electricity demand structural model in the agricultural sector using Underlying Trend concept and Kalman filter algorithm. QEER, ,10 (42),109-134,(in Persian). Amadeh, H., Mehregan, N., Haghani, M., & Hadad, M. (2013). Estimation of Gas oil Demand Function in Iranian Agriculture Sector Using Structural Time Series Approach. Economics Research, 13(51), 53-80, (in Persian). Amirmoini, M. Mohammadi, T. & Khorsandi, M. (2014). Modeling electricity demand in the industrial sector in Iran: An structural time series model. Economic Modeling Research, 5(18), 87-117, (in Persian). Anaekwe, U. G., & Ofordum, C. M. (2021). Impact Of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) On Economic Growth and Development in Anambra State, Nigeria. In Conference, 2(1), 29-37. Assoumou-Ella, G. (2019). Gender Inequality in Education and per capita GDP: the case of CEMAC Countries. Economics Bulletin, 39(2), 1154-1162. Atkinson, R. D., & Mayo, M. J. (2010). Refueling the US innovation economy: Fresh approaches to science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education. The Information Technology & Innovation Foundation, https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED521735.pdf Baliamoune–Lutz, M., & McGillivray, M. (2015). The impact of gender inequality in education on income in Africa and the Middle East. Economic Modelling, 47, 1-11. Bastarrica, M. C., Hitschfeld, N., Samary, M. M., & Simmonds, J. (2018). Affirmative action for attracting women to STEM in Chile. In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Gender Equality in Software Engineering, 45-48. Bybee, R. W. (2010). Advancing STEM education: A 2020 vision. Technology and Engineering Teacher, 70(1), 30. Chaudhry, I. S. (2007). Gender inequality in Education and economic Growth: Case study of Pakistan. Pakistan Horizon, 60(4), 81-91. Chitnis, M. (2005). Estimating price elasticity of gasoline demand using structural time series model and implied trend concept. The Economic Research (Sustainable Growth and Development), 5 (3), 1-16, (in Persian). Croak, Mallory, (2018). The Effects of STEM Education on Economic Growth. Honors Theses. 1705. Crowley, M. F. (1977). Women and minorities in science and engineering. National Science Foundation. Dilaver, Z., & Hunt, L. C. (2011). Industrial electricity demand for Turkey: a structural time series analysis. Energy Economics, 33(3), 426-436. Ezeh, K. (2020). Gender inequality in education and economic growth. Master Thesis in Economics.30. García-Peñalvo, F. J., Bello, A., Dominguez, A., & Romero Chacón, R. M. (2019). Gender balance actions, policies and strategies for STEM: Results from a world café conversation. Education in the Knowledge Society, 20, 31–41. Goldman, R. D., & Hewitt, B. N. (1976). The Scholastic Aptitude Test" explains" why college men major in science more often than college women. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 23, 50. Goy, S. C., Wong, Y. L., Low, W. Y., Noor, S. N. M., Fazli-Khalaf, Z., Onyeneho, N., & GinikaUzoigwe, A. (2018). Swimming against the tide in STEM education and gender equality: a problem of recruitment or retention in Malaysia. Studies in Higher Education, 43(11), 1793-1809. Gujarati, Damodar (2002). Basics of econometrics. Translation: Abrishmi, H. Tehran University Press, the first volume, third edition,(in Persian). Heikkinen, M., Pihkala, S., Pääsky, L., & Harmoinen, S. (2020). Intersectional gender-responsibility in STEM: Co-creating sustainable arctic knowledge production. In: Heininen, L., Exner-Pirot, H., Barnes, J. (Eds.), Arctic Yearbook 2020. Akureyri, Iceland: Arctic portal (pp. 175–188). https://arcticyearbook.com/images/yearbook/2020/Scholarly-Papers/9_Heikkinen_et_al.pdf. Harvey, A. C., & Fernandes, C. (1989). Time series models for insurance claims. Journal of the Institute of Actuaries, 116(3), 513-528. Harvey, A. C., Henry, S. G. B., Peters, S., & Wren-Lewis, S. (1986). Stochastic trends in dynamic regression models: An application to the employment-output equation. The Economic Journal, 96(384), 975-985. Headey, D. D., & Hodge, A. (2009). The effect of population growth on economic growth: A meta‐regression analysis of the macroeconomic literature. Population and development review, 35(2), 221-248. Hossain, M. & Robinson, M. G. (2012). How to motivate US students to pursue STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) careers. US-China Education Review, A (4) 442-451. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED533548.pdf Iranzo, S., & Peri, G. (2009). Schooling externalities, technology, and productivity: Theory and evidence from US states. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 91(2), 420-431. Karimi Moghari, Z, Zobeiri, H & Nadami, Y. (2013). Impact of Real Exchange Rate Changes on Value Added of Manufacturing Subsectors in Iran. Journal of Economic Research, 49(2), 363-383, (in Persian). Karoui, K., & Feki, R. (2018). The impacts of gender inequality in education on economic growth in Tunisia: an empirical analysis. Quality & Quantity, 52(3), 1265-1273. Kennedy, T. J., & Odell, M. R. L. (2014). Engaging students in STEM education. Science Education International, 25(3), 246-258. Klasen, S. (2002). Low schooling for girls, slower growth for all? Cross country evidence on the effect of gender inequality in education on economic development. The World Bank Economic Review, 16(3), 345-373. Klasen, S. (2018). The impact of gender inequality on economic performance in developing countries. Annual Review of Resource Economics, 10, 279-298. Klasen, S., & Lamanna, F. (2003). The impact of gender inequality in education and employment on economic growth in the Middle East and North Africa. World Bank. Klasen, S., & Lamanna, F. (2009). The impact of gender inequality in education and employment on economic growth: new evidence for a panel of countries. Feminist economics, 15(3), 91-132. Knowles, S., Lorgelly, P. K., & Owen, P. D. (2002). Are educational gender gaps a brake on economic development? Some cross country empirical evidence. Oxford economic papers, 54(1), 118-149.. Lawanson, O. I., & Umar, D. I. (2019). Gender inequality and its implication for inclusive growth in Nigeria from 1980 to 2018. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 9 (7), 789-806. -Mankiw, N. G., Romer, D., & Weil, D. N. (1992). A contribution to the empirics of economic growth. The quarterly journal of economics, 107(2), 407-437. Minasyan, A., Zenker, J., Klasen, S., & Vollmer, S. (2019). Educational gender gaps and economic growth: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis. World Development, 122, 199-217. Nikpei Tabari, A & Elmi, Z. M. (2014). The Effect of Gender Discrimination in Education on Economic Growth in the Middle East and North Africa. Iranian Economic Development Analyses, 2(2), 95-120, (in Persian). Ogundari, K., & Awokuse, T. (2018). Human capital contribution to economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: does health status matter more than education?. Economic Analysis and Policy, 58, 131-140. Osiobe, E. U. (2019). A Literature Review of Human Capital and Economic Growth. Business and Economic Research, 9 (4), 179-196. Panahi, H, Salmani, B. & Al-Omran, S.A. (2015). The impact of gender inequality in education on Iran's economic growth. Economic and Development Sociology, 5(1), 43-61, (in Persian). Rahmani, T. & Kaveh, S. (2014). Does Gender Inequality Hinder Economic Growth? Journal of Economic Research, 50(3), 616-593, (in Persian). Riegle-Crumb, C., King, B., Grodsky, E., & Muller, C. (2012). The more things change, the more they stay the same? Prior achievement fails to explain gender inequality in entry into STEM college majors over time. American Educational Research Journal, 49(6), 1048-1073. Rossi, A. S. (1965). Women in science: Why so few? Science, 148, 1196–1202. https://doi.org/10. 1126/science.148.3674.1196. Rossiter, M. W. (1993). The matthew matilda effect in science. Social Studies of Science, 23, 325–341. https://doi.org/10.1177/030631293023002004. Schiebinger, L. (2021). Gendered innovations: integrating sex, gender, and intersectional analysis into science, health & medicine, engineering, and environment. Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society 4(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/25729861.2020.1867420. Shakri, A., Mohammadi, T., Jahangar, E. & Mousavi, M. (2010). Estimation of a structural model for gasoline and diesel demand in Iran's transportation sector. Quarterly Energy Economics Review, 7(25), 1-31, (in Persian). Shakri, A. (2008). Macroeconomic theories and policies. Pars Navisa Publications, the first volume, first edition, (in Persian). Shirani Fakhr, Z. & Khosh Akhlaq, R. (2016). Estimating disaggregated energy demand function for industrial subsectors of Iran in different climates (case study of textile, apparel and leather products subsector). Journal of Iranian Energy Economics, 5 (20), 115-185, (in Persian). Swafford, M., & Anderson, R. (2020). Addressing the gender gap: Women’s perceived barriers to pursuing STEM careers. Journal of Research in Technical Careers, 4, 61–74. Thévenon, O., & Del Pero, A. S. (2015). Gender equality (f) or economic growth? Effects of reducing the gender gap in education on economic growth in OECD countries. Annals of Economics and Statistics/Annales d'Économie et de Statistique, (117/118), 353-377. Unterhalter, E. (2006). Measuring gender inequality in education in South Asia. United Nations Children's Fund, Regional Office for South Asia. Vaez Barzani, M. & Hatami, R. (2010). The Impact of Gender Equality in Education on Economic Growth in Developing Countries (1990-06) Simultaneous Equation Model,Quarterly Journal of Quantitative Economics, 7 (1), 53-73, (in Persian). Wang,M. T., & Degol, J. (2013).Motivational pathways to STEM career choices: Using expectancy– value perspective to understand individual and gender differences in STEM fields. Developmental Review, 33(4), 304–340. Yumusak, I. G., Bilen, M., & Ates, H. (2013). The impacts of gender inequality in education on economic growth in Turkey. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 103, 1093-1103. Zhang, W. B. (2014). Gender Discrimination, Education and Economic Growth in a Generalized Uzawa-Lucas Two-Sector Model. Timisoara Journal of Economics and Business, 7(1), 1-34. | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 451 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 469 |