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شرط تنصیف دارایی در حقوق ایران و انگلیس | ||
| پژوهشنامه حقوق تطبیقی | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 8، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 16، دی 1403 | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22080/lps.2023.25693.1538 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مریم فخاریان1؛ مهدی حمزه هویدا* 2 | ||
| 1مربی گروه حقوق، دانشگاه پیام نور، همدان، ایران. | ||
| 2استادیار گروه حقوق، مجتمع آموزش عالی نهاوند، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران. | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 14 تیر 1402، تاریخ بازنگری: 06 آبان 1402، تاریخ پذیرش: 24 آذر 1402 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در نوشتار حاضر با روش تحلیلی-توصیفی به بررسی این امر پرداخته شده است که تنصیف دارایی زوجین در حقوق ایران و انگلیس چه تفاوتها و شباهت‌هایی با یکدیگر دارند. زیرا این نهاد، در حقوق ایران، در غالب شرط ضمن عقدی است که چنانچه در زمان انعقاد عقد نکاح توسط زوج مورد قبول واقع شود؛ در هنگام تحقق طلاق با جمع شرایطی تا نیمی از دارایی‌هایی که وی در دوران زناشویی به دست آورده است، به زوجه تعلق می‌گیرد. اعمال شرط مذکور منوط به توافق طرفین است و متفاوت از نهادهای قانونی موجود همچون مهریه و نفقه می باشد. در حالی که در حقوق انگلیس، فرضی قانونی وجود دارد که دادگاه با استفاده از آن، در هنگام طلاق و حل و فصل مسائل مالی طرفین، اموال یکی از زوجین را که از وضعیت اقتصادی مناسبی برخوردار است، تقسیم نموده و به طرف مقابل می‌دهد و بدین وسیله خسارات طرف زیان-دیده (اعم از زن یا مرد) بر اثر طلاق جبران می‌شود. تقسیم مذکور اصولاً به میزان نیمی از داراییها انجام می-گیرد که البته در صورت وجود عواملی به میزان کمتر یا بیشتر از تساوی نوسان پیدا خواهد کرد. تنصیف دارایی در حقوق ایران و انگلیس، گرچه در ظاهر نسبتاً یکسان، اما به لحاظ ماهیت متفاوت است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| شرط ضمن عقد؛ تنصیف دارایی؛ طلاق؛ حقوق ایران؛ حقوق انگلیس | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The condition bisection possessions in Iran and English law | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Maryam Fakhariyan1؛ Mahdi Hamze Howeyda2 | ||
| 1Instructor of Law Department, Payam Noor University, Hamadan, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Nahavand Higher Education Complex, Bu- Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The condition of property division in Iranian law is one of the conditions of the marriage contract in official marriage certificates. This condition is for financial support of women after divorce. If the mentioned condition is signed by the husband at the time of the marriage contract, he is obliged to transfer half of his assets that he acquired during the marriage to the wife at the time of separation and divorce. Of course, some authors have questioned the validity of this condition and believe that this condition is adapted from English law and of course it does not fit with Iranian law. Because in Iranian law, there are concepts such as dowry, dowry, etc. that there is no need to create this condition anymore. According to these explanations, we will try to answer these questions: "What is the nature of the property halving condition in Iranian law?" "How is the division of property in English law?" "Is the division of property in Iranian and British law the same or are they different?" 2. Study Method The present article has been written using a descriptive-analytical method to analyze the library studies. 3. Findings Asset division in Iranian law can be added as a secondary condition in addition to the main contract with the agreement of the parties. Therefore, it is an optional condition and does not necessarily exist in the relations of the parties. In English law, dividing the property of the spouses in half is a legal assumption that is implemented by the judges during divorce and is mandatory and has nothing to do with the agreement of the parties. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Stipulation, bisection possessions, divorce, Iran law, English law | ||
| مراجع | ||
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