پیوندهای مفید
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 30 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 467 |
| تعداد مقالات | 4,519 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 7,144,849 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 5,334,662 |
درآمدی بر نقش و حدود وظایف دولت راجع به حمایت از آموزش عالی در نظام‌های حقوقی منتخب | ||
| پژوهشنامه حقوق تطبیقی | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 8، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 16، دی 1403 | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22080/lps.2024.27770.1669 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| محمدقاسم تنگستانی* | ||
| دانشیار گروه حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 0-1358 فروردین 786، تاریخ بازنگری: 0-1302 فروردین 786، تاریخ پذیرش: 0-1272 فروردین 786 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| وظیفه دولت در تسهیل، تعمیم و فراهم کردن وسائل تحصیلات عالی به صورت رایگان تا سرحد خودکفائی کشور، براساس بند (3) اصل (3) و نیز اصل (30) قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران، الزامات حقوقی متعددی را برای دولت ایجاد کرده است. نظر به اینکه سیاست دولت‌ها در مقوله نظام آموزش عالی، لزوماً به شکل واحدی تنظیم نشده و نیز با توجه به چالش‌های پیش‌روی نظام آموزش عالی ایران از جمله تأمین مالی دانشگاه‌ها، عدم تناسب ظرفیت پذیرش دانشجو با نیاز بازار کار، رشد بیکاری دانش‌آموختگان برخی رشته‌ها و غیره، در این نوشتار درصدد بررسی نحوه انعکاس وظیفه فوق در کشورهای منتخب و در نهایت، استخراج یافته‌ها و آموزه‌هایی برای نظام آموزش عالی ایران هستیم. براساس یافته‌های پژوهش پیش‌رو، حق بر آموزش و تکلیف دولت در تأمین آموزش عالی در قوانین اساسی همه کشورها منعکس نشده است. با بررسی قوانین داخلی و رویه کشورهای مختلف، به‌رغم تکلیف دولت در تنظیم چارچوب کلی نظام آموزش عالی، اولاً انحصار دولتی در ارائه خدمات مذکور وجود ندارد؛ ثانیاً رایگان بودن آموزش عالی به عنوان یک اصل کلی حاکم بر این عرصه قابل شناسایی نیست؛ ثالثاً با لحاظ رویکرد سیستمی به موضوع فوق، تنظیم سیاست دولت در مقوله آموزش عالی منطقاً باید با درنظرداشتن نظریه دولت در جامعه هدف و نیز تأثیر و تأثر سیاست مذکور بر سایر سیاست‌های اجتماعی و اقتصادی دولت‌ها صورت پذیرد. با عنایت به رشد کمّی قابل توجه آموزش عالی در ایران و چالش‌های پیش روی آن، ضرورت دارد حدود توسعه آموزش عالی متناسب با خودکفائی کشور مورد بازنگری قرار گیرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| حق بر آموزش؛ اصل سی ام قانون اساسی؛ خودکفائی؛ آموزش رایگان؛ تسهیل و تعمیم آموزش عالی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| An introduction to the role and limits of the government's duties regarding the support of higher education in selected legal systems | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Ghasem Tangestani | ||
| Associate Professor, Department of International Law., Faculty of Law and Political Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The government's duty to facilitate, generalize, and provide the means of higher education free of charge to the extent of the country's self-sufficiency, based on Articles (3) and (30) of the Constitution, has created several legal requirements for the government. Considering that the policy of governments in the higher education system is not necessarily set in a unified form, and also considering the challenges facing the higher education system of Iran, such as the financing of universities, the disproportionality of student admission capacity with the needs of the labor market, the growth of unemployment of graduates of some fields, etc., in this article, we seek to examine the way of reflecting the above task in the selected countries and finally, extracting findings and teachings for the system We are higher education in Iran. Based on the findings of the present study, the right to education and the duty of the government to provide higher education are not reflected in the constitutions of all countries. By reviewing the domestic laws and procedures of different countries, despite the government's duty to regulate the general framework of the higher education system, firstly, there is no government monopoly in providing the mentioned services, and secondly, the free higher education cannot be recognized as a general principle governing this field. Thirdly, considering the systemic approach to the above issue, the regulation of the government's policy in the category of higher education should logically be done by considering the theory of the state in the target society and also the impact of the said policy on other social and economic policies of the governments. Considering the significant quantitative growth of higher education in Iran and the challenges it faces, it is necessary to revise the limits of higher education development in accordance with the country's self-sufficiency. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Right to Education, Article 30 of the Constitution, Self-Sufficiency, Free Education, Facilitation and Extension of Higher Education | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Atherton, Graeme et al (2023), “Higher education in the UK: Systems, Policy Approaches, and Challenges”, Research Briefing. House of Commons Library.
Bolton, Paul (2021). Higher Education Funding in England. Common's Library.
Brigitte Gobbels-Drelying (2003), “University Financing Alternatives: The German Example, Higher Education in Europe”, 28:2, 165-170, DOI: 10.1080/03797720304102
Dobbins, Michael and Knill, Christoph (2017), “Higher Education Governance in France, Germany, and Italy: Change and Variation in the Impact of Transnational Soft Governance”, Policy and Society, 36:1, 67-88, DOI: 10.1080/14494035.2017.1278868
Durads, ala (2018), “Higher Education in France: Historical Development”, The Modern Higher Education Review No. 3, doi.org/10.28925/2518-7635.2018.3.4.
Duru-Bellat, Marie (2015), “Access to Higher Education: The French Case”, Working Paper, Sciences Po-Observatoire Sociologique du Changement (Paris) Et Institut de Recherche sur l’Education (Dijon).
Feridouni, Samiyeh and Shadi Rouhani (2018), "Quantitative policies for the expansion of higher education in Iran and its consequences on educational justice", Higher Education Research and Planning Quarterly, Volume 25, Number 2, pp. 1-21. [In Persian]
Foresight Development Research Center of the National Program and Budget Organization (2017), "Future of Higher Education: Challenges and Solutions", report of the fifth specialized meeting, Tehran: Publications of the National Program and Budget Organization. [In Persian]
German Commission for UNESCO Division of Education and Science (2022), “Higher Education Policy Report: Germany”, German Commission for UNESCO in consultation with the German authorities and the German Rectors’ Conference.
Hosseini-e Akbarnezhad, Hale (2016), The Nature of Human Rights Obligation in The Internationa System, Tehran: Shhr-e Danesh. [In Persian]
Hosseini-Moghadam, Mohammad (2009), "A review of the global experience of evaluating the higher education system", Rehiyaft, No. 46, pp. 62-53. [In Persian]
Jafari Langroudi, Mohammad Jaafar (2008). Legal terminology. Tehran: Ganj Danesh Library. [In Persian]
Khalafkhani, Mahdi (2012), "Comparative study of government support methods for private and public higher education system", Iranian Higher Education Association Quarterly, No. 4, pp. 83-106. [In Persian]
Mazhari, Mohammad et al. (1401), "Study the right to education in terms of factors related to it in Iran's legal system", Journal of Citizen Studies, year 1, number 1, pp. 83-106. [In Persian]
Nasiri, Hossein and Mehdi Sarailo (1402), "Analyzing the concept of "border of self-sufficiency of the country" in Article 30 of the Constitution", report of the Education and Culture Studies Office of the Islamic Council Research Center, serial number 19492. [In Persian]
Qari Seyyed Fatemi, Seyyed Mohammad (2015). Contemporary human rights. The first volume of an introduction to theoretical topics: concepts, foundations, territory and sources, Tehran: Negah Moa'ser. [In Persian]
Sadeghiram, R. , Moazeni, R. , & Pourrashid, S. Z. (2021). A Comparative Study of the Universality publicity and Freedom of Education in Iranian constitutional Law and International Documents with Emphasis on Conflict Resolution Methods. Journal of Comparative Law, 5(2), 161-179. doi: 10.22080/lps.2021.22141.1255
Sheikh Al-Islami, Seyyed Mohsen (2018), Comparative Constitutional Law, Tehran: Ganj Danesh, first edition. [In Persian]
Weber, Luc and Bergan, Sjur (2006), “The Public Responsibility for Higher Education and Research”, Council of Europe Publishing.
Zakersalehi, Gholamreza (2016), Higher Education Rights: Concepts and Issues, Tehran: Higher Education Research and Planning Institute, first edition. [In Persian] | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 91 |
||