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بررسی تأثیر تغییرات اقلیمی بر زیست‌پذیری شهرها: موردپژوهی شهر مشهد | ||
| مطالعات ساختار و کارکرد شهری | ||
| دوره 12، شماره 3، خرداد 1404، صفحه 59-84 اصل مقاله (757.66 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقالات مستقل پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22080/usfs.2025.27655.2464 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| دکتر حسین حاتمی نژاد1؛ علی حسینی* 2؛ ابوالفضل منصوری اطمینان3؛ مریم بایرامی3 | ||
| 1استاد، گروه جغرافیای انسانی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه جغرافیای انسانی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، ایران | ||
| 3دانشجوی دکتری، گروه جغرافیای انسانی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، ایران | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 17 شهریور 1403، تاریخ بازنگری: 16 آذر 1403، تاریخ پذیرش: 01 اسفند 1403 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| طی سال‌های اخیر، پدیدۀ تغییر اقلیم به محور اصلی چالش‌های ناپایدارکنندۀ سکونتگاه‌های شهری تبدیل‌شده است. به‌طوری‌که امروزه بسیاری از شهرهای جهان با پیامدهای برآمده از تغییرات اقلیمی ازجمله افزایش سطح دما، کاهش میزان بارش، خشکسالی و کمبود آب، ناامنی غذایی، آلودگی هوا، تهدید سلامت انسان‌ها، تأثیر بر میزان تقاضای انرژی در فصول گرم و سرد و امثال آن مواجه هستند که تمامی این پیامدها در عمل بر زیست‌پذیری ساکنان این شهرها اثرگذار بوده است. در این بین، شهرها می‌توانند بستر مناسبی برای پاسخ به اثرات تغییرات اقلیمی به‌صورت رویکردهای کاهش و سازگاری باشند. به همین منظور، پژوهش حاضر در راستای بررسی تأثیر تغییرات اقلیمی بر زیست-پذیری شهر مشهد انجام‌گرفته است. این پژوهش به لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و از لحاظ ماهیت و روش انجام، توصیفی- تحلیلی است. بدین ترتیب، مبتنی بر چارچوب سنجشی، پرسشنامه‌ای محقق ساخته براساس طیف لیکرت و با استفاده از روش گلوله‌برفی بین 40 نفر از متخصصان و پژوهشگران مرتبط با موضوع پژوهش در سطح شهر مشهد توزیع‌شده و برونداد آن با آزمون همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه، مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرارگرفته است. نتایج بررسی داده‌های اسنادی در این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که شهر مشهد طی پنج دهۀ اخیر با افزایش 2/8 درجه سانتی‌گرادی دما، کاهش 2/41 میلی‌متری بارش و کاهش 31 روزی تعداد روزهای یخبندان مواجه بوده که این موارد مبین وجود پدیده تغییر اقلیم در سطح این شهر است. همچنین نتایج حاکی از آن است که بین اثرات تغییرات اقلیمی و زیست‌پذیری شهر مشهد رابطه‌ای معنادار، معکوس و قوی برقرار بوده (ضریب همبستگی 922/0-) که این امر نشانگر آن است که تغییرات اقلیمی حادث‌شده در سطح شهر مشهد در عمل بر زیست‌پذیری این شهر اثرات سو داشته‌اند. از سوی دیگر، از بین اثرات اجتماعی، اقتصادی، کالبدی و محیط‌زیستیِ تغییرات اقلیمی، اثرات محیط-زیستی (با ضریب رگرسیونی 602/0-)، بیشترین اثرگذاری را بر کاهش زیست‌پذیری شهر مشهد داشته است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| گرمایش جهانی؛ گازهای گلخانه‌ای؛ تغییرات اقلیمی؛ زیست‌پذیری شهری؛ شهر مشهد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigating the Effects of Climate Change on the Livability of Cities: A Case Study of Mashhad City | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hossein Hataminezhad1؛ Ali Hosseini2؛ Abolfazl mansouri etminan3؛ Maryam Bayrami3 | ||
| 1Professor, Department of Human Geography and Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Human Geography and Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Human Geography and Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In recent years, the phenomenon of climate change has become the main focus of the destabilizing challenges of human settlements. Today, many cities in the world are facing the consequences of climate change, including increased temperatures, decreased rainfall, drought and water shortages, food insecurity, air pollution, threats to human health, impacts on energy demand in hot and cold seasons, and the like, all of which have had an impact on the livability of the residents of these cities. In the meantime, cities can be a suitable platform for responding to the effects of climate change in the form of mitigation and adaptation approaches. For this purpose, the present research has been conducted to investigate the effects of climate change on the livability of Mashhad city. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and method. In this way, based on the measurement framework, a researcher-made questionnaire based on the Likert scale and using the snowball method was distributed among 40 experts and researchers related to the research topic in Mashhad city. The results of document data analysis in this research show that during the last five decades, the city of Mashhad has faced an increase of 2.8 degrees Celsius in temperature, a decrease of 41.2 mm in precipitation, and a decrease of 31 days in the number of freezing days. These cases show the existence of climate change in this city. Also, the results indicate that there is a significant, inverse, and strong relationship between the effects of climate change and the livability of Mashhad (correlation coefficient -0.922), which indicates that the climatic changes that have occurred in the city of Mashhad have had negative effects on the livability of this city. On the other hand, among the social, economic, physical, and environmental effects of climate change, the environmental effects (with a regression coefficient of -0.602) have had the greatest effect on reducing the livability of Mashhad. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Global warming, greenhouse gases, climate change, urban livability, Mashhad city | ||
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