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تحلیل تطبیقی جرمانگاری مصادیق بوم زدایی در حقوق ملی و دستورالعملهای اتحادیه اروپا | ||
| پژوهشنامه حقوق تطبیقی | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 9، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 20، دی 1404، صفحه 7-37 اصل مقاله (646.01 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22080/lps.2025.27690.1668 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| شراره ابطحی* 1؛ مصطفی فضائلی2؛ علی مشهدی3 | ||
| 1دکتری تخصصی، حقوق بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران. | ||
| 2استاد گروه حقوق بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران. | ||
| 3دانشیار گروه حقوق بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران. | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 11 شهریور 1403، تاریخ بازنگری: 24 اسفند 1403، تاریخ پذیرش: 27 فروردین 1404 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بومزدایی به معنای تخریب و نابودی زیستبومهاست که عواقب شدیدی برای موجودات زنده در این اکوسیستمها به همراه دارد. این پدیده زمانی که ناشی از فعالیتهای انسانی باشد، بهعنوان یک جرم خاص مطرح میشود. در حال حاضر، بومزدایی تنها در شرایط خاص جنگی بهطور رسمی بهعنوان یک جرم بینالمللی شناخته شده است. اما با توجه به وضعیت بحرانی کنونی محیطزیست، این تعریف قانونی به نظر ناکافی میرسد. تاکنون یازده کشور بومزدایی را تحت عناوینی مانند «بومزدایی»، «جنایت علیه بشریت» و «آلودگی محیطزیست» در قوانین خود جرمانگاری کردهاند. علاوه بر این، در آپریل 2024 اتحادیه اروپا تصمیم به محکومیت شدیدترین جرایم محیطزیستی گرفت و آن را براساس قوانین و مقررات اتحادیه اروپا مشمول مجازات قرار داد.این پژوهش با استفاده از روش توصیفی_تحلیلی و بهرهگیری از منابع کتابخانهای به بررسی قوانین ملی کشورهای تصویبکننده شدیدترین جرایم محیطزیستی و دستورالعملهای اتحادیه اروپا پرداخته است. در این راستا، نظام حقوقی ایران نیز بهطور اجمالی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. هدف اصلی پژوهش، بررسی دقیق قوانین و مقررات موجود در نظام حقوقی این کشورها و تحلیل تأثیر جرمانگاری ملی بر جرمانگاری بینالمللی بومزدایی است. پرسش اصلی پژوهش این است که آیا جرمانگاری مصادیق بومزدایی در سطح ملی میتواند بر جرمانگاری آن در سطح بینالمللی تأثیرگذار باشد؟ در صورت پاسخ مثبت به این پرسش، فرضیه تقویت میشود که گنجاندن این جرم در قوانین ملی، ضرورت جرمانگاری بینالمللی و تدوین قوانین مشابه در سایر کشورها را توجیه خواهد کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| تحلیل تطبیقی؛ مصادیق بومزدایی؛ جرمانگاری؛ حقوق ملی؛ دستورالعملهای اتحادیه اروپا | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Comparative Analysis of the Criminalization of Ecocide in National Laws and EU Guidelines | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Sharareh َAbtahi1؛ Mostafa Fazaeli2؛ Ali Mashhadi3 | ||
| 1PhD, International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Qom, Qom, Iran. | ||
| 2Professor, Department of International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Qom, Qom, Iran. | ||
| 3Associate Professor, Department of International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Qom, Qom, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Ecocide refers to the destruction and devastation of ecosystems, resulting in severe consequences for the organisms within them. This phenomenon is recognized as a specific crime when caused by human activities. Currently, ecocide is only officially acknowledged as an international crime only in certain wartime contexts. However, given the ongoing environmental crisis, this legal definition appears inadequate. Eleven countries have already criminalized ecocide under various titles such as "ecocide," "crimes against humanity," and "environmental pollution" in their national laws. Additionally, in April 2024, the European Union decided to prosecute the most severe environmental crimes, making them punishable under EU regulations. This study explores the national laws of countries that have adopted stringent environmental crime legislation, as well as EU guidelines, using descriptive-analytical methods and library resources. The Iranian legal system is also examined in a general context. The primary objective is to meticulously analyze the laws and regulations within these legal systems and assess the impact of national criminalization on the international recognition of ecocide. The central question is whether national criminalization of ecocide can influence its international criminalization. If the answer is affirmative, the hypothesis is strengthened that including this crime in national legislation will underscore the necessity for international criminalization and encourage the development of similar laws in other nations. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Comparative Analysis, Ecocide, Criminalization, National Law, EU Guidelines | ||
| مراجع | ||
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