دانشگاه مازندران

 آمار

تعداد نشریات32
تعداد شماره‌ها529
تعداد مقالات5,154
تعداد مشاهده مقاله7,893,366
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله5,858,800
متقی دستنائی, افشین, کرمی, علی. (1404). هوش مصنوعی و مدیریت برنامه ریزی گردشگری شهری در اتحادیۀ اروپا: مطالعۀ موردی شهر تورین ایتالیا. پژوهشنامه مدیریت اجرایی, 14(55), 7-47. doi: 10.22080/jtpd.2025.29190.3990
افشین متقی دستنائی; علی کرمی. "هوش مصنوعی و مدیریت برنامه ریزی گردشگری شهری در اتحادیۀ اروپا: مطالعۀ موردی شهر تورین ایتالیا". پژوهشنامه مدیریت اجرایی, 14, 55, 1404, 7-47. doi: 10.22080/jtpd.2025.29190.3990
متقی دستنائی, افشین, کرمی, علی. (1404). 'هوش مصنوعی و مدیریت برنامه ریزی گردشگری شهری در اتحادیۀ اروپا: مطالعۀ موردی شهر تورین ایتالیا', پژوهشنامه مدیریت اجرایی, 14(55), pp. 7-47. doi: 10.22080/jtpd.2025.29190.3990
متقی دستنائی, افشین, کرمی, علی. هوش مصنوعی و مدیریت برنامه ریزی گردشگری شهری در اتحادیۀ اروپا: مطالعۀ موردی شهر تورین ایتالیا. پژوهشنامه مدیریت اجرایی, 1404; 14(55): 7-47. doi: 10.22080/jtpd.2025.29190.3990

هوش مصنوعی و مدیریت برنامه ریزی گردشگری شهری در اتحادیۀ اروپا: مطالعۀ موردی شهر تورین ایتالیا

برنامه ریزی و توسعه گردشگری
مقاله 1، دوره 14، شماره 55، دی 1404، صفحه 7-47    اصل مقاله (719.26 K)
نوع مقاله: علمی-پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22080/jtpd.2025.29190.3990
نویسندگان
افشین متقی دستنائی* 1؛ علی کرمی2
1استاد تمام جغرافیای سیاسی دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
2دکترای مطالعات اروپای دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
تاریخ دریافت: 17 اردیبهشت 1404،  تاریخ بازنگری: 10 مرداد 1404،  تاریخ پذیرش: 07 شهریور 1404 
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: ادغام هوش مصنوعی در مدیریت گردشگری به ­عنوان یک رویکرد تحول‌آفرین برای ارتقاء تجربۀ گردشگران، بهینه‌سازی تخصیص منابع و ترویج شیوه‌های گردشگری پایدار ظهور کرده است. این مطالعه به بررسی ادغام فناوری‌های مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی مانند یادگیری ماشین، تحلیل کلان‌داده‌ها و خودکارسازی هوشمند در حکمرانی گردشگری، سیاست‌گذاری و چارچوب‌های عملیاتی مدیریت و برنامه ­ریزی گردشگری در اتحادیۀ اروپا با تأکید بر شهر تورین ایتالیا می‌پردازد. سؤال اصلی پژوهش این است که چگونه از هوش مصنوعی برای ارتقاء گردشگری شهری در اتحادیۀ اروپا استفاده می‌شود و چه الگوها، نوآوری‌ها و چالش‌های مشترکی در شهرها و پروژه‌های مختلف وجود دارد؟
روش ­شناسی: این پژوهش با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوا انجام می‌شود. بدین منظور با انتخاب 15 مقالۀ منتشرشدۀ اخیر در نشریات معتبر در مورد موضوع پژوهش به بررسی نقش پیاده‌سازی‌های ابزارهای هوش مصنوعی مانند چت‌بات‌های هوشمند و تحلیل مواردی مانند مدیریت ازدحام، واقعیت افزوده در سایت‌های میراث فرهنگی و قیمت‌گذاری پویا در صنعت هتل­داری می‌پردازد.
یافته ­ها: یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که هوش مصنوعی منجر به افزایش تعامل گردشگران در راهنمای‌های تطبیقی موزه‌ها، کاهش ترافیک شهری (از طریق سیستم‌های حمل‌ونقل هوشمند) و بهبود پایداری از طریق پایش لحظه‌ای جریان گردشگران شده است. با­این­حال، چالش‌هایی مانند نگرانی‌های مربوط به حریم خصوصی داده‌ها و موانع پذیرش فناوری در میان کسب‌وکارهای کوچک همچنان باقی است.
نتیجه ­گیری و پیشنهادها: نتایج این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که فناوری‌های هوش مصنوعی در تورین به بهبود قابل توجهی در رضایت بازدیدکنندگان، کارایی عملیاتی و پایداری زیست‌محیطی منجر شده است. علاوه ­بر ­این، هوش مصنوعی در مدیریت جریان گردشگران، کاهش ازدحام و حفظ میراث فرهنگی نقش مهمی ایفا و در عین حال به رشد اقتصادی پایدار کمک می‌کند.
نوآوری و اصالت: مدیریت برنامه ­ریزی گردشگری پدیده‌ای زمانه و زمینه ­مند است. تحولات کنونی این حوزه نشان می‌دهد که به تعداد چالش‌ها نمی‌توان و البته امکان­ پذیر نیست که راه حل پیدا کرد. از نظر این پژوهش عدم توجه به این ویژگی شکاف اصلی در مدیریت برنامه ­ریزی گردشگری ایران است. اصلاح این عیب ساختاری تا حدودی نیازمند آگاهی از تحولات به­روز در دیگر مقاصد مهم گردشگری ازجمله اتحادیۀ اروپا است. با توجه به این شکاف این مطالعه به بررسی تجربی تأثیر ادغام فناوری‌های مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی در حکمرانی گردشگری، سیاست‌گذاری و چارچوب‌های عملیاتی مدیریت برنامه­ریزی چالش‌های گردشگری شهر تورین ایتالیا (عضو اتحادیۀ اروپا) می‌پردازد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
هوش مصنوعی؛ مدیریت گردشگری؛ گردشگری هوشمند؛ اتحادیۀ اروپا؛ تحلیل پیش‌بینی؛ گردشگری پایدار؛ سیاست دیجیتال
عنوان مقاله [English]
Artificial Intelligence and Urban Tourism Management and Planning in the European Union: A Case Study of the City of Turin, Italy
نویسندگان [English]
Afshin Motaghi Dastenaei1؛ Ali Karami2
1Full Professor of Political Geography, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
2PhD in European Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Context and Purpose: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in tourism management has emerged as a transformative approach to enhance the tourist experience, optimize resource allocation, and promote sustainable tourism practices. This study examines the integration of AI-based technologies, such as machine learning, big data analytics, and intelligent automation into tourism governance, policy-making, and operational frameworks for tourism management and planning in the European Union, with a focus on the city of Turin, Italy. The main research question is how AI is being used to promote urban tourism in the European Union, and what common patterns, innovations, and challenges exist across cities and projects.
Design/methodology/approach: This research is conducted using a qualitative meta-analysis method. For this purpose, 15 recent articles published in reputable journals on the research topic were selected to examine the role of AI tools, including intelligent chatbots, and to analyze issues such as crowd management, the use of augmented reality in cultural heritage sites, and dynamic pricing in the hospitality industry.
Findings: Findings show that AI has led to increased tourist engagement in adaptive museum guides, reduced urban traffic (through intelligent transportation systems), and improved sustainability through real-time monitoring of tourist flows. However, challenges, such as data privacy concerns and barriers to technology adoption among small businesses, remain.
Conclusion: The results of this study show that AI technologies in Turin have led to significant improvements in visitor satisfaction, operational efficiency and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, AI plays an important role in managing tourist flows, reducing congestion, and preserving cultural heritage, while contributing to sustainable economic growth.
Originality and value: Tourism planning and management is a time- and context-bound phenomenon. Current developments in this field reveal that it is neither possible nor feasible to find solutions for every existing challenge. According to this study, the lack of attention to this issue is the main gap in Iran's tourism planning management. Addressing this structural deficiency to some extent requires awareness of up-to-date developments in other major tourism destinations, including those in the European Union. Against this backdrop, the present study empirically examines the impact of integrating AI-based technologies into tourism governance, policymaking, and operational frameworks for managing tourism challenges in the city of Turin, Italy (a member of the European Union).
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Artificial Intelligence, Tourism Management, Smart Tourism, European Union, Aredictive Analytics, Sustainable Tourism, Digital Policy
مراجع

Baby, J., K.P., S., & John M., B. (2024). Impact of artificial intelligence in urban tourism. In Recent trends in Management and Commerce (Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. [page numbers]). REST Publisher. https://doi.org/10.46632/rmc/5/2/15

Badouch, Mohamed & Boutaounte, Mehdi. (2023). Personalized Travel Recommendation Systems: A Study of Machine Learning Approaches in Tourism. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning and Neural Network. 3. 35-45. 10.55529/jaimlnn.33.35.45

Baggio, R. (2023). Hetero-intelligence for sustainable tourism planning. Tourism & Management Studies, 19(1), 43–51. https://tmstudies.net/index.php/ectms/article/view/2726

Batty, M. Axhausen, K. W. Giannotti, F. et al. (2012). Smart cities of the future. European Physical Journal Special Topics, 214(1), 481–518.

Becker, S., & Hahn, R. (2024). Leveraging AI to develop sustainable urban tourism policies. Urban Studies, 61(2), 362–380. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098023119980

Buhalis, D. & Sinarta, Y. (2019). Smart tourism: The role of information technologies in the transformation of tourism and hospitality. Tourism Management Perspectives, 31, 47-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.04.006

Buhalis, D., & Amaranggana, A. (2015). Smart tourism destinations enhancing tourism experience through personalization of services. Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2015, 377–389.

Cavallari, M. Pifferi, A. Benassi, G. & Micelli, S. (2023). Predicting Tourist Flow in Museums and Events Using Machine Learning: The POLIS-EYE Policy Support System. In Smart Tourism and Smart Cities (pp. 421–431). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95467-3_33

Chen, L. Zhang, X. & Zhang, Z. (2023). AI-driven optimization for urban transport systems: A study on congestion reduction. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 24(3), 298-307. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2023.3148770

Christensen, C. M. (1997). The Innovator’s Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail. Harvard Business Review Press.

Christodoulou, S. & Pelliccia, A. (2021). AI for Urban Mobility: The Future of Autonomous Public Transport. Journal of Urban Technology, 28(4), 83–99.

Creswell, J. W. & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340.

Del Vecchio, P. Mele, G. Ndou, V. & Secundo, G. (2021). Creating value from Social Big Data: Implications for Smart Tourism Destinations. Information Processing & Management, 58(3), 102519.

Dinis, G. Cvetkovic, S. & Ninkov, T. (2024). The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Personalization on the Experience of Hotel Guests. Information, 15(11), 700. https://doi.org/10.3390/info15110700

EasyPark Torino Partnership. (2022). Optimizing urban parking using IoT sensors and AI. EasyPark Group. Retrieved from https://www.easyparkgroup.com/torino-partnership

European Commission. (2020). Smart Tourism and Artificial Intelligence in Cities. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu

European Commission. (2021a). 2030 Digital Compass: The European way for the Digital Decade. Brussels: European Commission.

European Commission. (2023). Data-driven innovation for city tourism in the EU. EU Digital Innovation Reports. https://ec.europa.eu/digital-strategy/ai-eu-tourism

European Commission. (2023). Turin and Benidorm are the 2025 winners of the European Capital and Green Pioneer of Smart Tourism Awards.

European Commission. (2025, February 17). Industry Innovation: Torino named European Capital of Smart Tourism 2025. Retrieved from https://smart-tourism-capital.ec.europa.eu/news/industry-innovation-torino-named-european-capital-smart-tourism-2025-2025-02-17_en

European Parliament. (2021). Artificial intelligence and urban development. European Union Reports. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/ai-urban-development

Fenu, G. & Pittarello, F. (2018). A sightseeing tour based on storytelling and augmented reality. Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage, 11(1), 1–20.

Filieri, R., Mariani, M. M., & Baggio, R. (2021). Artificial intelligence (AI) for tourism: An European-based study on successful AI tourism start-ups. Tourism Management Perspectives, 39, 100817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100817

Floridi, L., & Cowls, J. (2019). A unified framework of five principles for AI in society. Harvard Data Science Review, 1(1).

Fondazione Torino Musei. (2022). Digital Innovation in Museums: Annual Report.

Fronzetti Colladon, A., Guardabascio, B., & Innarella, R. (2021). Using social network and semantic analysis to analyze online travel forums and forecast tourism demand. arXiv:2105.07727.

Gavalas, D. Konstantopoulos, C. Mastakas, K. & Pantziou, G. (2014). Mobile recommender systems in tourism. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 39, 319–333.

Gössling, S. Hall, C. M. & Peeters, P. (2023). AI and sustainable tourism: The role of artificial intelligence in balancing tourism growth and heritage conservation. Nature Sustainability, 6(4), 310-317. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41599-023-01012-1

Grassi, A., & Lombardi, M. (2023). Enhancing visitor experience through AI: A case study from Rome. Tourism Management, 45, 101230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2023.101230

Gretzel, U. Sigala, M. Xiang, Z. & Koo, C. (2015). Smart tourism: Foundations and developments. Electronic Markets, 25(3), 179–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-015-0196-8

Gretzel, U. Sigala, M. Xiang, Z. & Koo, C. (2015). Smart tourism: Foundations and developments. Electronic Markets, 25(3), 179–188.

Gretzel, U. Sigala, M. Xiang, Z. & Koo, C. (2015). Smart tourism: foundations and developments. Tourism Management Perspectives, 15, 41–47.

Gretzel, U. Sigala, M. Xiang, Z. & Koo, C. (2015). Smart tourism: foundations and developments. Electronic Markets, 25(3), 179–188.

Gretzel, U. Sigala, M. Xiang, Z. & Koo, C. (2015). Smart tourism: foundations and developments. Electronic Markets, 25(3), 179–188.

Gretzel, U., Sigala, M., Xiang, Z., & Koo, C. (2015). Smart tourism: foundations and developments. Electronic Markets, 25(3), 179–188.

Gretzel, U., Sigala, M., Xiang, Z., & Koo, C. (2015). Smart tourism: foundations and developments. Electronic Markets, 25(3), 179–188.

GTT Annual Report. (2023). AI for real-time transport optimization during major events. Gruppo Torinese Trasporti. Retrieved from https://www.gtt.to.it/annual-report-2023

Halmi, A. Csapó, J. & Rátz, T. (2024). The role of artificial intelligence in shaping the future of travel industry: An expert analysis of artificial travel itinerary planners. Deturope – Central European Journal of Regional Development and Tourism, 16(2), 59–78. https://www.deturope.eu/artkey/det-202402-0004.php

Han, D. I. D. Jung, T. & Gibson, A. (2014). Dublin AR: Implementing augmented reality in tourism. In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2014, 511–523.

Hong Kong Tourism Board. (2023). Hello Hong Kong Campaign.

Horizon 2020 Project Report. (2024). AI4Tourism: Opportunities and governance challenges. European Commission Horizon 2020. https://ec.europa.eu/horizon2020/ai4tourism

Huang, M. H. & Rust, R. T. (2021). Artificial Intelligence in Service. Journal of Service Research, 24(3), 317–330.

Interliggi, C. (2024, October 17). Artificial intelligence startups in Turin. Torino Tech Map. https://torinotechmap.it/en/curiosities/artificial-intelligence-startups-in-turin/

Italian Institute of Artificial Intelligence. (2023). AI4I – Artificial Intelligence for Industry.

Ivanov, S. & Webster, C. (2019). Adoption of robots, artificial intelligence and service automation by travel, tourism and hospitality companies – a cost-benefit analysis. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(11), 4125-4147.

Ivanov, S. & Webster, C. (2019). Perceived appropriateness and intention to use service robots in tourism. Technology in Society, 58, 101064.

Ivanov, S. & Webster, C. (2024). Digital Twins in Tourism: A Systematic Literature Review. arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.00002. https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.00002

Ivanov, S., & Webster, C. (2017). Adoption of robots, artificial intelligence and service automation by travel, tourism and hospitality companies–a cost-benefit analysis. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(9), 2325–2340.

Ivars-Baidal, J. A. Celdrán-Bernabeu, M. A. Femenia-Serra, F. Perles-Ivars, Á. & Meseguer-Artola, A. (2019). Smart destinations and the evolution of ICTs: A new scenario for destination management?. Sustainability, 11(3), 716.

Jafari, A. & Arabzad, S. (2020). Artificial Intelligence in Tourism: Opportunities and Challenges. Tourism Management Perspectives, 35, 100688.

Janiszewska, K., & Zmyślony, P. (2023). Smart tourism and AI in city branding and visitor experience. International Journal of Tourism Research, 25(6), 845–860. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2571

Jannach, D. Adomavicius, G. & Tuzhilin, A. (2017). Recommender systems – Challenges, insights and research opportunities. Information Systems, 67, 1–3.

Jovicic, D. Z. Mijin, D. M. Pavlovic, S. & Kalinic, Z. (2021). Artificial intelligence and European start-ups in travel and tourism: Venture capital insights. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(9), 3066–3085. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-02-2021-0220

Jumper.ai Case Study. (2022). AI-powered travel itineraries for tailored experiences in Turin. Jumper.ai. Retrieved from https://www.jumper.ai/case-studies

Koh, J. & Kim, Y. (2020). AI-driven customer experience in hotels: A conceptual framework. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 86, 102431.

Kounavis, C. D. Kasimati, A. E. & Zamani, E. (2021). The impact of augmented reality on tourism experiences. Tourism Management, 82, 104145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104145

Kuusela, J., & Virtanen, P. (2024). Real-time smart tourism tools in Helsinki. Journal of Urban Technology, 31(2), 117–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2024.1754825

Li, J., Hu, C., Huang, Y., & Duan, L. (2018). The concept of smart tourism in the context of tourism information services. Tourism Management, 68, 293–300.

Lu, J. Wu, D. Mao, M. Wang, W. & Zhang, G. (2015). Recommender system application developments: A survey. Decision Support Systems, 74, 12–32.

McCarthy, J., Minsky, M. L., Rochester, N., & Shannon, C. E. (1955). A proposal for the Dartmouth summer research project on artificial intelligence.

Ministero del Turismo. (2021). Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza – Componente Cultura e Turismo.

Moovit. (2022). AI-Powered Transit Solutions. [https://moovitapp.com]

Moreira, R., & Nunes, T. (2023). AI-driven sentiment analysis in Lisbon’s urban tourism strategy. Journal of Tourism Management, 42, 101111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2023.101111

Museo del Cinema Tech Report. (2022). AI in museum exhibits: Using facial recognition for audience engagement. Museo Nazionale del Cinema. Retrieved from https://www.museocinema.it/tech-report-2022

Museo Egizio. (2022). Annual report on AI narration for personalized museum experiences. Museo Egizio. Retrieved from https://www.museoegizio.it/annual-report-2022

OECD. (2022). Smart tourism and AI algorithms: Leveraging open data to enhance visitor experiences. OECD Report. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/smart-tourism

Orea-Giner, A., Muñoz-Mazón, A., Villacé-Molinero, T. and Fuentes-Moraleda, L. (2022), "Cultural tourist and user experience with artificial intelligence: a holistic perspective from the Industry 5.0 approach", Journal of Tourism Futures, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-04-2022-0115

Ouaddi, C., Khan, H., & Santos, J. (2024). Artificial intelligence in tourism sector: Analysis study. Journal of Tourism Research, 32(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jotr.2024.02.001

Pine, B. J. & Gilmore, J. H. (1999). The Experience Economy: Work is Theatre & Every Business a Stage. Harvard Business Press.

Pinho, M., & Leal, F. (2024). AI-enhanced strategies to ensure new sustainable destination tourism trends among the 27 European Union member states. Sustainability, 16(22), 9844. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16229844

Ploch Palatková, M., & Ploch, J. (2024). Comparison of SMART tourism models of selected European city destinations. Journal of Smart Cities, 8(3), 105–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smartcity.2024.01.005

Politecnico di Torino. (2021). AI and Smart Mobility: Research Initiatives. Retrieved from https://www.polito.it

Regione Piemonte. (2022). Smart City Turin and Regional Innovation Strategies. Retrieved from [official regional website or EU Smart Specialisation Platform].

Renard, J., & Müller, T. (2024). Ethical implications of AI use in public tourism services. Tourism and Society, 11(1), 52–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tosoc.2024.01.004

Russell, S., & Norvig, P. (2021). Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (4th ed.). Pearson.

Sabbioni, L., Musso, A., Ranaldo, A., & Valtolina, S. (2024). Automatic classification system for smart tourism tools using LLMs. arXiv:2410.18641.

Sandelowski, M. (2000). Whatever happened to qualitative description? Research in Nursing & Health, 23(4), 334–340. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-240X(200008)23:4<334:AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-G

Sapra, Y. (2024, November 25). AI in travel: The impact of AI chatbots and virtual assistants on travel. HashStudioz. https://www.hashstudioz.com/blog/ai-in-travel-the-impact-of-ai-chatbots-and-virtual-assistants-on-travel/

Schmitt, M., Piquet, L., & Howard, C. (2023). Augmented intelligence in cultural heritage tourism. International Journal of Cultural Heritage Management, 27(2), 170–183. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-02-2023-0337

Shah, H. (2024, October 3). AI in hospitality: Use cases, benefits and applications. Artificial Intelligence. URL: https://www.prismetric.com/ai-in-hospitality

Siddik, A. B., Forid, M. S., Yong, L., Du, A. M., & Goodell, J. W. (2024). Artificial intelligence as a catalyst for sustainable tourism growth and economic cycles. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123875

Smart Nation Singapore. (2020). Ask Jamie Virtual Assistant. https://www.smartnation.gov.sg

Smart Nation Singapore. (2020). Smart Mobility in Action. [https://www.smartnation.gov.sg]

Smart Seoul. (2021). Smart Tourism Guide by Seoul City. Seoul Tourism Organization.

Smart Tourism Capital. (2024). A smart and sustainable guide to visiting Torino.

Smith, A. Wang, Y. & Lee, J. (2021). Enhancing heritage tourism with AI-guided tours. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 26(5), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2021.1888777

TimeLooper. (2023). History in your hands. [https://www.timelooper.com]

Torino City Lab. (2023). Innovation Projects and Partnerships in Smart Tourism. Retrieved from https://torinocitylab.it

Torino City Lab. (2023). Whitepaper on AI-driven optimization of tourist flows in Turin. Torino City Lab. Retrieved from https://www.torinocitylab.com/whitepapers

Torino Municipal Data. (2023). Real-time crowd monitoring and AI technologies in Piazza Castello. Torino Smart City. Retrieved from https://www.torinocitydata.it

Torres, M., Valerio, F., & Ruiz, A. (2023). AI and big data for urban tourist flow management in Barcelona. Tourism Economics, 29(4), 707–725. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816623117015

TrialsNet. (2024). Turin becomes a live laboratory for XR tourism with 5G and AI.

Tuominen, P. & Ascenção, M. P. (2021). Chatbots as co-creators of tourism experiences. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 19, 100529.

Turin Clean City Project. (2022). Smart waste management: Using IoT sensors for optimized waste collection. Turin Municipality. Retrieved from https://www.torinclean.city

Turing, A. M. (1950). Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind, 59(236), 433–460.

Turismo Torino e Provincia. (2023). AI in Tourism Services. Retrieved from https://www.turismotorino.org

Turismo Torino. (2023). Chatbot implementation for tourism support in multiple languages. Turismo Torino e Provincia. Retrieved from https://www.turismotorino.org

Tussyadiah, I. P. (2020). A review of research into automation in tourism: Launching the Annals of Tourism Research Curated Collection on AI and Robotics in Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 81, 102883.

UNWTO. (2019). Smart tourism: A path towards innovation, inclusion, and sustainability. Madrid: World Tourism Organization.

Vargo, S. L. & Lusch, R. F. (2004). Evolving to a new dominant logic for marketing. Journal of Marketing, 68(1), 1-17.

VisitBerlin. (2022). BerliBot – The chatbot for Berlin. https://www.visitberlin.de

WienBot. (2022). Your smart city assistant. [https://www.wien.gv.at/wienbot]

Xiang, Z. & Fesenmaier, D. R. (2017). Analytics in smart tourism design: Concepts and methods. Springer.

Xiang, Z., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (2023). Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Tourism: Challenges and Research Agenda. Journal of Travel Research, 62(2), 331–343.

Xiang, Z., Du, Q., Ma, Y., & Fan, W. (2015). A comparative analysis of major online review platforms: Implications for social media analytics in hospitality and tourism. Tourism Management, 58, 51–65.

Yoo, K. H., Sigala, M., & Gretzel, U. (2021). Exploring the use of AI in tourism marketing: Implications for research and practice. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 20, 100634.

Yovcheva, Z. Buhalis, D. & Gatzidis, C. (2015). Overview of smartphone augmented reality applications for tourism. eReview of Tourism Research, 10(2), 63–66.

Zhang, Y. & Levinson, D. (2011). Investing in Intelligent Transportation Systems: Analyzing Benefits and Costs. Transportation Research Record, 2243(1), 1–10.

ZIA Project. (2024). zIA: a GenAI‑powered local auntie assists tourists in Italy. arXiv:2407.11830.

آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 161
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 48


سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. قدرت گرفته از سیناوب