تحلیل رویه قضایی در مواجهه با علائم تجاری توصیفیِ متعارفِ دارای معنای ثانویه با نگاه تطبیقی به نظام حقوقی آمریکا، اتحادیه‌ی اروپا و ایران

A meeting to analyze and criticize the judicial judgement on generic trademarks, organized by the Deputy of Human Resources and Cultural Affairs of the Tehran Province Justice Department, with the presence of Dr. hassan lajam orak (judge), Dr. Zahra Shakeri and Dr. Touraj Taghizadeh. (In persian)

Badini, H., Hosseinzadeh, M., Mohebifard S., (2020), Examination of legal fair use doctrine in descriptive trademarks, jornal of trade studies, Vol. 19. No. 73, pp 99-124. (In persian)

Bagheri, M., Babaei, Z., (2011), protection of trademarks against unfair competition, private law, vol. 8, no. 19m pp 85-102.

Combit Software GmbH v. Commit Business Solutions Ltd., Case C-223/15, EU:C:2016:719, available at:

            https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?language=en&jur=C,T,F&num=C-223-15&td=ALL (Last visited: July 30, 2025).

Darvishi, E., (2016), Support for advertising slogans in the intellectual property rights system, intellectual property law, Qom university. (In persian)

DHL Express France S.A.S v. Chronopost S.A., Case C-235/09, EU:C:2011:238 (CJEU, Apr. 12, 2011)., available at:

            https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-235/09 (Last visited: July 30, 2025).

Guidelines for EUIPO. Available at:

            https://guidelines.euipo.europa.eu/1803468/1787838/trade-mark-guidelines/chapter-14- acquired-distinctiveness-through-use--article-7-3-eutmr- (last visited: July 18, 2025).

Grover, E. (1991), The Trademark Protection of Advertising Slogans: A Modern Perspective, Fordham Entertainment Media & Intellectual Property Law Forum, Vol. 1, No. 2.

Habiba, S., Chavoshi, I., (2015), comparative study of famous and well-known trademarks as the two kinds of trademarks with reputation, journal of comparative law, no 103, pp 75-94.

1. Marvin Ginn Corp. v. International Ass`n if Fire Chiefs, Inc, Jan 23, 1986, 782 F. 2d 987(Fed. Cir. 1986)., available at: https://casetext.com/case/h-marvin-ginn-v-intl-assn-of-fire-chiefs (Last visited: July 30, 2025).

Industrial property law (1403). (in persian)

In re Louisiana Fish Fry Products, Ltd, 797 E3d 1332 (Fed. Cir. 2015). Available at: https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/cafc/13-1619/13-1619-2015-08-14.html (Last visited: July 30, 2025).

In re Steelbuilding.com, July 11, 2005, 415 F. 3d 1293 (Fed. Cir. 2005)., available at: https://casetext.com/case/in-re-steelbuildingcom (Last visited: July 30, 2025).

Jafarzadeh, G., (2015), the relations between competition law and unfair competition (from the uniformity approach to uniformity and supplementory, comparative law quarterly, vol. 1, no. 2, pp 59-85.

Judgment, no 140268390017145438, (2023), issued by the third branch of the general legal court of shahid beheshti judicial complex, tehran. (in persian).

Judgment, no 140168390004773463, (2022), issued by the third branch of the general legal court of shahid beheshti judicial complex, tehran. (in persian).

Judgment, no 251, (2019), issued by the third branch of the general legal court of shahid beheshti judicial complex, tehran. (in persian).

Judgment, no 95784, (2016), issued by the third branch of the general legal court of shahid beheshti judicial complex, tehran. (in persian).

Judgment, no 173, (2019), issued by the tenth branch of tehran province court of appeals.

Kronish, J (2015), In re Louisiana Fish Fry Products, shifting the weight of Acquired Distinctiveness for Descriptive Terms in Trademark Law, Tulane Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property, vol. 18, No. 1.

Lwin, M., (2010) Slogans: US and EU legal protection for slogans that identify and promote the brand, International Journal of Advertising, Vol. 29, No. 4.

Mehraban poorazar, m., (2022), Acquired distinctiveness in trademark law system, master thesis, Faculty of Law and Political Science, intellectual property law, University of Tehran. (In persian)

Microstrategy, Inc. v. Motorola, Inc. 2001, 245 F. 3d 335 (4^th Cir. 2001)., available at: https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F3/245/335/515114/#:~:text=On%20February%2013%2C%202001%2C%20MicroStategy,intended%20use%20of%20the%20mark. (Last visited: July 30, 2025).

Ommi, M., (2021), Intellectual property in iranian judicial, firt volume: Brand, Tehran, Mizan legal foundation, second pub. (In persian)

Patent, Industrial Designs and Trademarks Law, approved in 2007. (In persian)

Porangaba, L. (2019), Acquired distinctiveness in the European Union: when non-traditional marks meet a (fragmented) single market, The Trademark Reporter, Vol. 109, No. 3.

Roux Laboratories Inc. v. Clairol Inc., 427 F.2d 823 (CCPA. 1970)., available at:

            https://casetext.com/case/roux-laboratories-inc-v-clairol-inc?sort=relevance&type=case&tab=keyword&q=Roux%20Laboraties%20inc%20v.%20clairol%20inc&p=1&jxs=&resultsNav=false.

Sadeghi, M., Taherifard, R., (2017), Legal bases of trademark protection, journal of trade studies, vol. 19, no. 76, pp 151-180.

Shakeri, z., Mehraban poorazar, m., (2023), A Comparative Analysis of Acquired Distinctiveness of Trademarks and Its Criteria in the Legal Systems of the United States, the European Union, and Iran, comperative studies on islamic and western law, 10(2), pp 97-124. (in persian)

Shakeri, z., Mehraban poorazar, m., (2024), Feasibility of protecting nonvisual nonconventional trademarks with secondary meaning in the US and EU system, jornal of trade studies, vol. 31, no 25, pp 1-21. (In persian)

Shakeri, z., noueali, S., (2022), legal system of non-traditional trademarks, tehran, university of tehran press, first pub. (In persian)

US Trademark Act of 1905.

US Trademark Act of 1946 (Lanham act).

Vihar III, M. (2005), Nontraditional Areas of Intellectual Property Protection: Colour, Sound, Taste, Smell, Shape, Slogan and Trade Dress, Jornal of Intellectual Property Rights, Vol. 10.