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Liability for power Supply interruptions under Iranian and English law | ||
| پژوهشنامه حقوق تطبیقی | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 07 January 2026 | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.22080/lps.2025.29844.1786 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Seyed Noorollah Shahrokhi* 1; Leila javanmard2; ayda mehrpour3 | ||
| 1Department of Law, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Lorestan University, Khorram Abad, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Khorramabad, Iran | ||
| 3LL.M. in Private Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran | ||
| Receive Date: 17 August 2025, Revise Date: 01 November 2025, Accept Date: 16 December 2025 | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The primary objective of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of civil liability arising from electricity disruptions within the legal systems of Iran and the United Kingdom. Given the increasing dependence of households and economic entities on the reliable supply of energy, power outages have led to significant economic and social consequences. This research aims to evaluate the legal foundations, institutional frameworks, and judicial practices governing civil liability in both jurisdictions, and to propose mechanisms for enhancing accountability and compensatory remedies.The methodology adopted in this study is descriptive-analytical and comparative. Data have been collected from statutory sources, executive regulations, judicial decisions, and reports issued by specialized regulatory bodies, covering the period from 2011 to 2025. The comparative analysis juxtaposes Iranian law—based on Imamiyyah jurisprudence and codified statutes—with English law, which is grounded in common law principles and electricity sector regulations. Selected case law has been examined using purposive sampling to highlight key doctrinal and procedural distinctions. Findings indicate that in Iran, the liability of electricity providers is primarily assessed through the lens of fault-based theories and breach of contractual obligations. In contrast, the United Kingdom employs strict liability and Guaranteed Standards of Performance as central instruments for consumer protection. The absence of automated compensation mechanisms, weak regulatory oversight, and lack of specialized insurance schemes in Iran have hindered the effective realization of victims’ rights. Conversely, the UK benefits from independent regulatory institutions and well-defined legal frameworks that facilitate consumer redress. The study concludes that Iran must undertake structural legal reforms, establish automated compensation systems, expand sector-specific insurance coverage, and enhance institutional transparency. Moreover, a clear delineation between sovereign and commercial functions of electricity companies is essential for establishing coherent and effective civil liability. These measures are vital for achieving compensatory justice and restoring public trust in energy services. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| compensation; civil liability; electricity disruption; English law; Iranian law; public services; voltage fluctuations | ||
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