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نقش مکملهای تغذیهای منتخب (نیترات / آب چغندر، کافئین، کراتین و بتا-آلانین) در بهبود عملکرد فیزیولوژیکی و ورزشی بازیکنان فوتبال: یک مطالعه سنتزپژوهی | ||
| پژوهشنامه فیزیولوژی ورزشی کاربردی | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 21، شماره 42، آذر 1404، صفحه 93-108 اصل مقاله (504.98 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله مروری | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22080/jaep.2026.31145.2246 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زهره شانظری* 1؛ امیرحسین عزیزی عمارتی2 | ||
| 1استادیار گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 09 بهمن 1404، تاریخ بازنگری: 02 اسفند 1404، تاریخ پذیرش: 13 اردیبهشت 1405 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| اهداف: تغذیه ورزشی مدرن پتانسیل قابل توجهی برای بهینهسازی عملکرد، کاهش خستگی و تسریع بازیابی در بازیکنان فوتبال دارد. هدف این پژوهش، سنتز و تلفیق نظاممند شواهد علمی در مورد اثرات عملکردی، مکانیسمهای فیزیولوژیکی، محدودیتهای پژوهشی و پیامدهای عملی چهار مکمل اصلی شامل نیترات (آب چغندر)، کافئین، کراتین و بتا-آلانین در فوتبال حرفهای است. روش مطالعه: یک مطالعه سنتزپژوهی بر اساس مقالات منتشرشده در بازه زمانی2020 تا 2025 انجام شد. مقالات از پایگاههای داده Web of Science ، Scopus، PubMedو Cochrane Library انتخاب شدند. بدین منظور، ۴۱ مقاله علمی منتشر شده در بازه زمانی 2020 تا 2025 پس از ارزیابی کیفیت روششناختی، استخراج دادهها و تحلیل کیفی موضوعی، بهصورت مقایسهای مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. یافتهها: نتایج نشان داد که نیترات و کراتین، در صورت رعایت پروتکلهای مصرف مناسب، بیشترین شواهد حمایتی را برای بهبود عملکردهای بیهوازی (مانند ظرفیت تولید توان تکراری) و فعالیتهای بینابینی ارائه میدهند. کافئین اثرات ارگوژنیک قوی اما وابسته به دوز و همراه با تفاوتهای فردی قابل توجه دارد. در مقابل، بتا-آلانین برای ایجاد پاسخهای فیزیولوژیکی و عملکردی مطلوب، نیازمند دورههای مصرف طولانیتری است نتیجهگیری: بهطور کلی، استفاده هدفمند و مبتنی بر شواهد از مکملهای تغذیهای میتواند بهعنوان بخشی مؤثر از برنامههای آمادهسازی، تمرین و بازتوانی در فوبتال حرفهای مورد استفاده قرار گیرد و به ارتقای عملکرد و کاهش خستگی بازیکنان کمک کند . | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| فوتبال؛ نیترات؛ کافئین؛ کراتین؛ β آلانین | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Role of Selected Nutritional Supplements (Nitrate/Beetroot Juice, Caffeine, Creatine, and Beta-Alanine) in Improving Physiological and Athletic Performance of Soccer Players: A Research Synthesis Study | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Zohreh Shanazari1؛ Amir Hossein Azizi Ammarati2 | ||
| 1Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Objectives: Modern sports nutrition has considerable potential to optimize performance, reduce fatigue, and accelerate recovery in soccer players. The aim of this study was to systematically synthesize and integrate the available scientific evidence regarding the performance effects, physiological mechanisms, research limitations, and practical implications of four major supplements—nitrate (beetroot juice), caffeine, creatine, and beta-alanine—in professional soccer. Methods: This research synthesis study was conducted based on articles published between 2020 and 2025. Relevant studies were retrieved from the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases. In total, 41 scientific articles published within the 2020–2025 period were comparatively reviewed following methodological quality assessment, data extraction, and qualitative thematic analysis. Results: The findings indicated that nitrate and creatine, when consumed according to appropriate supplementation protocols, provide the strongest supportive evidence for improvements in anaerobic performance (such as repeated power output capacity) and intermittent activities. Caffeine demonstrated strong ergogenic effects; however, these effects were dose-dependent and accompanied by substantial inter-individual variability. In contrast, beta-alanine required longer supplementation periods to elicit favorable physiological and performance responses. Conclusion: Overall, targeted and evidence-based use of nutritional supplements can be effectively incorporated into preparation, training, and rehabilitation programs in professional soccer, contributing to enhanced performance and reduced player fatigue. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Soccer, Nitrate, Caffeine, Creatine, β-Alanine | ||
| مراجع | ||
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