دانشگاه مازندران

 آمار

تعداد نشریات32
تعداد شماره‌ها591
تعداد مقالات5,779
تعداد مشاهده مقاله8,660,782
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله6,342,639
Keshavarz, Amir, Fadaei, Ebrahim, Dastan Diznab, Mohammad Ali, Hashemi, Seyed Hamid. (1405). Numerical Investigation of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams with Square Web Openings: Influence of Opening Configuration and Reinforcement Detailing. پژوهشنامه مدیریت اجرایی, (), 1-20. doi: 10.22080/ceas.2026.32251.1116
Amir Keshavarz; Ebrahim Fadaei; Mohammad Ali Dastan Diznab; Seyed Hamid Hashemi. "Numerical Investigation of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams with Square Web Openings: Influence of Opening Configuration and Reinforcement Detailing". پژوهشنامه مدیریت اجرایی, , , 1405, 1-20. doi: 10.22080/ceas.2026.32251.1116
Keshavarz, Amir, Fadaei, Ebrahim, Dastan Diznab, Mohammad Ali, Hashemi, Seyed Hamid. (1405). 'Numerical Investigation of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams with Square Web Openings: Influence of Opening Configuration and Reinforcement Detailing', پژوهشنامه مدیریت اجرایی, (), pp. 1-20. doi: 10.22080/ceas.2026.32251.1116
Keshavarz, Amir, Fadaei, Ebrahim, Dastan Diznab, Mohammad Ali, Hashemi, Seyed Hamid. Numerical Investigation of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams with Square Web Openings: Influence of Opening Configuration and Reinforcement Detailing. پژوهشنامه مدیریت اجرایی, 1405; (): 1-20. doi: 10.22080/ceas.2026.32251.1116

Numerical Investigation of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams with Square Web Openings: Influence of Opening Configuration and Reinforcement Detailing

Civil Engineering and Applied Solutions
مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 13 شهریور 1405
نوع مقاله: Original Article
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22080/ceas.2026.32251.1116
نویسندگان
Amir Keshavarz1؛ Ebrahim Fadaei* 2؛ Mohammad Ali Dastan Diznab* 1؛ Seyed Hamid Hashemi1
1Institute of Advanced Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak, Iran
2Faculty of Earth Sciences Engineering, Arak University of Technology, Arak, Iran
تاریخ دریافت: 11 تیر 1405،  تاریخ بازنگری: 01 مرداد 1405،  تاریخ پذیرش: 13 شهریور 1405 
چکیده
Web openings are frequently introduced into reinforced concrete deep beams to accommodate utility services; however, these discontinuities may significantly disrupt the internal load-transfer mechanism and adversely affect structural performance. This study investigates the influence of square opening size and location on the behavior of reinforced concrete deep beams using nonlinear finite element analysis in ABAQUS. Unlike previous studies that primarily focused on individual parameters such as opening geometry, opening location, or strengthening techniques, the present study systematically investigates the combined effects of square opening size, vertical opening location, and reinforcement detailing on the structural behavior of reinforced concrete deep beams. The numerical model was developed based on the concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) approach and validated against previously published experimental results, showing good agreement in terms of load-displacement response, crack patterns, and ultimate load capacity. Six deep beam specimens containing square web openings with side lengths of 200 and 250 mm positioned at various levels within the shear span were analyzed. The effects of opening configuration on crack propagation, principal stress distribution, and load-carrying capacity were evaluated. The results showed that openings located at the mid-depth of the web produced the greatest disturbance to the main compression strut, leading to increased stress concentration, extensive diagonal cracking, and reduced structural capacity. Increasing the opening size further intensified these effects by disrupting a larger portion of the principal compression strut. To mitigate these adverse effects, a modified reinforcement arrangement was proposed by redistributing web reinforcement around the opening and adding confinement reinforcement in critical regions. This detailing increased the ultimate load capacity by approximately 3-10%, delayed crack initiation by up to 44%, and improved principal stress redistribution. Overall, the proposed reinforcement arrangement effectively enhanced the structural behavior of deep beams with square web openings and provides practical guidance for reinforcement design in disturbed regions.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Reinforced concrete deep beam؛ Square opening؛ Finite element analysis؛ Reinforcement detailing؛ Principal stress
مراجع
  1. Schlaich, J., Schafer, K., Jennewein, M. Toward a consistent design of structural concrete. PCI Journal, 1987; 32: 74–150. doi:10.15554/pcij.05011987.74.150.
  2. American Concrete Institute (ACI). ACI CODE-318-25: Building Code for Structural Concrete: Code Requirements and Commentary. Farmington Hills (MI): ACI; 2025.
  3. Almusallam, T., Al-Salloum, Y., Elsanadedy, H., Alshenawy, A., Iqbal, R. Behavior of FRP-strengthened RC beams with large rectangular web openings in flexure zones: experimental and numerical study. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 2018; 12: 47. doi:10.1186/s40069-018-0272-5.
  4. El Maaddawy, T., Sherif, S. FRP composites for shear strengthening of reinforced concrete deep beams with openings. Composite Structures, 2009; 89: 60–69. doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2008.06.022.
  5. Elsanadedy, H. M., Al-Salloum, Y. A., Almusallam, T. H., Alshenawy, A. O., Abbas, H. Experimental and numerical study on FRP-upgraded RC beams with large rectangular web openings in shear zones. Construction and Building Materials, 2019; 194: 322–343. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.238.
  6. Hawileh, R. A., El-Maaddawy, T. A., Naser, M. Z. Nonlinear finite element modeling of concrete deep beams with openings strengthened with externally-bonded composites. Materials & Design, 2012; 42: 378–387. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2012.06.004.
  7. Mansur, M. A. Effect of openings on the behaviour and strength of R/C beams in shear. Cement and Concrete Composites, 1998; 20: 477–486. doi:10.1016/S0958-9465(98)00030-4.
  8. Mansur, M. A., Tan, K. H. Concrete beams with openings: Analysis and design. 1st ed. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 1999.
  9. Tan, K. H., Mansur, M. A., Huang, L. M. Reinforced concrete T-beams with large web openings in positive and negative moment regions. ACI Structural Journal, 1996; 93: 277–289. doi:10.14359/9687.
  10. Ray, S. P. Deep beams with web openings. In: F. K. Kong editors. Reinforced concrete deep beams. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 1990. p. 60–93.
  11. Kumari, A., Patel, S. S., Nayak, A. N. Shear Strengthening of RC Deep Beam Using Externally Bonded GFRP Fabrics. Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series A, 2018; 99: 341–350. doi:10.1007/s40030-018-0272-0.
  12. Mohamed, A. R., Shoukry, M. S., Saeed, J. M. Prediction of the behavior of reinforced concrete deep beams with web openings using the finite element method. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 2014; 53: 329–339. doi:10.1016/j.aej.2014.03.001.
  13. Ali, Y. A., Assi, L. N., Abas, H., Taresh, H. R., Dang, C. N., Ghahari, S. Numerical investigation on effect of opening ratio on structural performance of reinforced concrete deep beam reinforced with CFRP enhancements. Infrastructures, 2023; 8: 2. doi:10.3390/infrastructures8010002.
  14. Farouk, M. A., Moubarak, A. M. R., Ibrahim, A., Elwardany, H. New alternative techniques for strengthening deep beams with circular and rectangular openings. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 2023; 19: e02288. doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02288.
  15. Hamoda, A., Yehia, S. A., Ahmed, M., Abadel, A. A., Baktheer, A., Shahin, R. I. Experimental and numerical analysis of deep beams with openings strengthened with galvanized corrugated and flat steel sheets. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 2024; 21: e03522. doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03522.
  16. Al-Mahbashi, M., Elsanadedy, H., Abbas, H., Abadel, A., Al-Salloum, Y. Experimental and numerical study of high strength reinforced concrete continuous deep beams with circular and rectangular openings. Journal of Building Engineering, 2023; 79: 107868. doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107868.
  17. MacGregor, J. G., Wight, J. K., Teng, S., Irawan, P. Reinforced concrete: Mechanics and design. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River (NJ): Prentice Hall; 1997.
  18. Kuchma, D., Yindeesuk, S., Nagle, T., Hart, J., Lee, H. H. Experimental validation of strut-and-tie method for complex regions. ACI Structural Journal, 2008; 105: 578–586. doi:10.14359/19890.
  19. Park, J., Kuchma, D. Strut-and-tie model analysis for strength prediction of deep beams. ACI Structural Journal, 2007; 104: 657–666. doi:10.14359/18951.
  20. Zhang, N., Tan, K.-H. Direct strut-and-tie model for single span and continuous deep beams. Engineering Structures, 2007; 29: 2987–3001. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.02.004.
  21. Ley, M. T., Riding, K. A., Bae, S., Breen, J. E. Experimental verification of strut-and-tie model design method. ACI Structural Journal, 2007; 104: 749–755. doi:10.14359/18777.
  22. Brena, S. F., Morrison, M. C. Factors affecting strength of elements designed using strut-and-tie models. ACI Structural Journal, 2007; 104: 267–276. doi:10.14359/18412.
  23. Chen, B. S., Hagenberger, M. J., Breen, J. E. Evaluation of strut-and-tie modeling applied to dapped beam with opening. ACI Structural Journal, 2002; 99: 445–450. doi:10.14359/11874.
  24. Maxwell, B. S., Breen, J. E. Experimental evaluation of strut-and-tie model applied to deep beam with opening. ACI Structural Journal, 2000; 97: 142–148. doi:10.14359/8242.
  25. Dassault Systèmes. Abaqus Theory Guide. Johnston (RI): Dassault Systèmes, Simulia Corp.; 2024.
  26. Hognestad, E. Study of combined bending and axial load in reinforced concrete members. Urbana (IL): University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 1951. Report No.: 399.
  27. Paulson, C., Rautenberg, J. M., Graham, S. K., Darwin, D. Defining yield strength for nonprestressed reinforcing steel. ACI Structural Journal, 2016; 113: 169–178. doi:10.14359/51688199.
آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 23


سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. قدرت گرفته از سیناوب