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تحلیل جایگاه گردشگری روستایی در برنامههای کلان توسعه‌ی کشور (با تأکید بر برنامههای پنج‌ساله‌ی توسعه‌ی ملی) | ||
| برنامه ریزی و توسعه گردشگری | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 3، شماره 9، شهریور 1393، صفحه 11-30 اصل مقاله (214.69 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی-پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمدرضا رضوانی* ؛ ناصر بیات | ||
| دانشگاه تهران | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 27 تیر 1391، تاریخ بازنگری: 01 مهر 1393، تاریخ پذیرش: 29 مرداد 1393 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در دهه‌های گذشته، گردشگری به یکی از مهم‌ترین بخش‌های اقتصادی در بسیاری از کشورهای جهان تبدیل شده است و دولت‌ها سیاست‌های مختلفی را به منظور توسعه‌ی گردشگری و زیربخش‌های آن در مقیاس‌های گوناگون، از سطوح محلی تا سطح ملی، بهکار گرفته‌اند و در این باره همکاری‌های بین‌المللی نیز رو به گسترش است. گردشگری روستایی نیز یکی از انواع مهم و روبه‌رشد بخش گردشگری شناخته می‌شود که فعالیتهای مختلفی را دربر می‌گیرد. در دهه‌های گذشته به‌ویژه از دهه‌ی 1990، به دلیل رکود بخش کشاورزی و مشکلات فراروی جوامع روستایی، همواره متخصصان و برنامهریزان توسعه‌ی روستایی بر اهمیت توسعه‌ی گردشگری روستایی، به عنوان راهبردی برای کمک به فرایند کلی توسعه‌ی روستایی تأکید کردهاند. مقاله حاضر با استفاده از شیوه اسنادی و تحلیل متون توسعه، جایگاه گردشگری روستایی در برنامههای کلان توسعه‌ی کشور با تأکید ویژه بر برنامههای پنج‌ساله‌ی توسعه را مورد ارزیابی قرار میدهد. یافتههای پژوهش نشان میدهد که تا برنامه‌ی چهارم (1388-1384) گردشگری روستایی جایگاه مشخص و قانونی در برنامه‌ی توسعه‌ی کشور نداشته است، در این برنامه بهطور هر چند گذرا توسعه‌ی گردشگری روستایی بهعنوان یکی از فعالیتهای دارای مزیت نسبی در نواحی روستایی معرفی شده است. در برنامه‌ی پنجم (1394-1390)، برای نخستین بار حمایت از گردشگریروستایی در چارچوب اختیارات سازمان میراث فرهنگی، صنایعدستی و گردشگری مطرح گردید. اما در این برنامه نیز جایگاه گردشگری روستایی در چارچوب فرایند کلی توسعه‌ی یکپارچه‌ی روستایی به روشنی مشخص نشده است و بهعنوان پدیده‌ای که می‌تواند، با توجه به ویژگی‌های متنوع سکونتگاه‌های روستایی کشور به صورت اشکال و الگوهای متعدد توسعه یابد به متنوع سازی فعالیت‌ها و توسعه‌ی اقتصادی روستاها کمک کند، مورد توجه قرار نگرفته است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| گردشگری روستایی؛ توسعه‌ی ملی؛ برنامههای پنج‌ساله‌ی توسعه‌ی کشور؛ توسعه‌ی روستایی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| An Analysis of Rural Tourism Development in Iran - Macro Developmental Programs with Emphasis on Five-yearNational Development Plans | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Reza Rezvani؛ Naser Bayat | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract Introduction In the past decades tourism has become one of the most important economic sectors in many countries all over the world and governments are implementing various policies to develop tourism and its subdivisions in Different scales from local to national levels. Rural tourism is also recognized as an important and growing sector of tourism that includes different activities. Since 1990s, due to the downturn in agricultural sector, and problems facing rural communities, rural development experts and planners emphasize rural tourism as an economic springboard for rural development. This study explores status of rural tourism development in national five-year plansthrough documentary and text analysis methods. During the past decades, gradually and increasingly rural tourism and other tourism subjects have become one of the most important topics in scientific studies and academic literature of Iran, especially in geography,social sciencesand other disciplines. Some of the major works are: Eftekhari and Ghaderi (2003), Rezvani (2004), Rezvani and Safaei (2005), Sanaei (2007), Aligholizahed Firuzjanei et al. (2007), Mahdavi Hajiluei et al. (2008), Mafi and Saghaei (2008), Amar and Brenjkar (2009), Eftekhari et al. (2010), Taleb et al. (2010), Rasegh Ghezalbash (2010), Karim Zaheh (2010), Papzan et al. (2010), Ghanian et al. (2011), Jomeh Pour and Ahmadi (2011), Faraji Sabokbar et al. (2012). Despite this condition, until now in national five-year programs and others national policies, rural tourism not been considered as a developmental strategy in relation to rural development process. As well as some incomprehensive actions of Cultural Heritage Handicrafts and Tourism Organization, such as selection of "touristic target villages" from different areas of country cannot be considered as an integrated national rural tourism development strategy. Therefore, overcome or resolve this problem, that represents a gap between academic sector on one side and national authorities and executive sector on the other side, can provide appropriate situation for implement various forms of rural tourism to contribute rural development in the framework of comprehensive national development policies and programs. Therefore, based on above discussions research questions are: how is the rural tourism situation in fiver-year national development programs of Islamic Republic of Iran─ as a new paradigm that has emerged from the world-wide in the context of rural development? Where is the initiation of rural tourism in five-year national development programs of Islamic Republic of Iran? Which programs is paying more attention to rural tourism development? And finally, whether development of rural tourism is considered in the framework for overall process of rural development? Materials and Methods The approach of this research is based on documentary methodology. First theoretical subjects and related concepts in tourism and especially in rural tourism development have been discussed. Then separately the national five-year development program lows texts of Islamic Republic of Iran were analyzed; based on this extract and obtained related data to research. Then rural tourism data analyzed in relation to each of national development programs. In this regard, time sequences of national development programs were considered. Finally, the total of research finding discussed and based on this proposed some solutions. Discussion and Results Result shows that until forth plan rural tourism has not remarkable and considerable importance in five-year national development programs of Iran. But, has been introduced one of the activities that have a comparative advantage in rural areas. In fifth plan for the first times supporting of rural tourism considered within authority of Organization of Cultural Heritage Handicrafts and Tourism. But also in this program rural tourism is not clearly considered and defined within the overall process of integrated rural development. In general, what being understood from the content of the fourth and fifth five-year national development programs indicate that, as yet not exist comprehensive perspective on development of rural tourism as a national strategy. Conclusion This research with emphasis on successful experiences of rural tourism development in different parts of the world, and growing trend of rural tourism studies in global and national scales, study situation or status of rural tourism development in fiver-year national development programs of Islamic Republic of Iran. Result show that until now rural tourism not considered as a comprehensive approach to rural tourism development in five-year national development programs of Iran. Finally, Based on research result, for fill the gap between academic and administrative sectors, also for access and achievement of rural tourism as a comprehensive and integrated policy in framework of national sustainable rural development strategy, it is necessary to overcome structural barriers that restrict or prevent access to rural tourism development in national level and its subdivisions. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| rural tourism development, national development, five-year national development programs, Rural Development | ||
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