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فرسایش شغلی در صنعت هتلداری و رابطه‌ی آن با سلامت اجتماعی (مطالعه موردی: کارکنان هتل‌های مشهد) | ||
| برنامه ریزی و توسعه گردشگری | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 4، شماره 14، آذر 1394، صفحه 91-111 اصل مقاله (565.11 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی-پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| احمد بخارایی* 1؛ محمد حسن شربتیان2؛ پویا طوافی3 | ||
| 1استادیار جامعه‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور | ||
| 2عضو هیئت علمی گروه جامعه‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور | ||
| 3دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جامعه‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 04 مهر 1394، تاریخ بازنگری: 02 آذر 1394، تاریخ پذیرش: 16 آذر 1394 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در متن هر سیستمی، سلامت نیروی انسانی کارآمد، اصلیترین عامل محسوب می‌شود. توجه به سلامت اجتماعی نیروی انسانی، به عنوان یک سرمایه ارزشمند مهمترین عامل شکوفایی استعداد و خلاقیت و جلوگیری از فرسایش شغلی است. هدف پژوهش حاضر مطالعه‌ی رابطه‌ی سلامت اجتماعی با فرسایش شغلی در بین کارکنان هتل‌های 3 الی 5 ستاره در کلانشهر مشهد است. این تحقیق از روش پیمایش کاربردی و همبستگی پیرسون بهره برده است. چارچوب نظری تحقیق رهیافت ترکیبی در حوزه‌ی جامعه شناختی و روانشناسی اجتماعی (نظریه سلامت اجتماعی کییز و فرسایش شغلی ماسلاچ و جکسون) است. جامعه‌ی آماری شامل کلیه کارکنان هتل‌های 3 تا 5 ستاره‌ی موجود در کلانشهر مشهد در سال 1393 است، که حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران (کمی) برابر با 650 نفر بدست آمده است، و پاسخگویان به صورت شیوه نمونه‌گیری، تصادفی طبقه بندی شده انتخاب شده‌اند. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که کارکنان هتل‌های 3 الی 5 ستاره‌ی مشهد از شاخص سلامت اجتماعی در حد متوسط (1/41 درصد) برخوردارند. همچنین میزان درجه فرسایش شغلی کارکنان در سطح بالا (4/42 درصد) مشاهده شده است. نتایج حاکی از رابطه‌ی معنادار و معکوس بین سلامت اجتماعی و ابعاد آن و سازه‌ی فرسایش شغلی است. همچنین یافته‌ها، تأثیر معنادار سلامت اجتماعی بر ابعاد فرسایش شغلی( خستگی عاطفی(206/0- ) مسخ شخصیت (228/0-) و عدم موفقیت فردی (113/0-) را تأیید می‌کند . نتایج رگرسیونی حاکی از آن است که از میان ابعاد سلامت اجتماعی، بعد سهم داشت اجتماعی با مقدار بتای (48/0-) بیشترین تأثیر را بر فرسایش شغلی کارکنان به صورت مستقیم داشته است. همچنین معادله پیش بینی میزان فرسایش شغلی می‌تواند 3/55 درصد از واریانس متغیر وابسته را تبیین کند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| سلامت اجتماعی؛ صنعت هتلداری؛ فرسایش شغلی؛ گردشگری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Occupational Burnout in Hotel Industry and Its Relationship to Social Health (A Case Study on Hotel Employees in Mashhad) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ahmad Bokharaei1؛ Mohammad Hosein Sharbatiyan2؛ Poya Tavafi3 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor of Social Sciences, Payame Noor University | ||
| 2Faculty Member of Payame Noor University, Social Sciences | ||
| 3MSc of Social Sciences, Payame Noor University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract The health of efficient human resources is considered as an important factor in any system. Taking into account the social health of human resources as a valuable capital is also an important factor in actualization of talents and creativity and the avoidance of occupational burnout. Occupational burnout is additionally a quite common phenomenon in many jobs and occupations which can endanger employees’ health and well-being in different forms. The present study aims to examine the relationship between social health and occupational burnout among the employees of four and five star hotels in Mashhad. Introduction The modern human has to bear some constraints and pressures in the process of adaptation to social and occupational environments. Therefore, jobs may cause dissatisfaction and disadaptation and consequently the person may experience a deviation from his/her natural and normal routine and suffer depression. Different aspects of individuals’ occupational duties and responsibilities can potentially be stressful for them, the most common of which are role ambiguity, role conflict, overwork, conflicting relations with colleagues and supervisors, and incongruity between occupational resources and occupational demands. Relatively speaking, each of occupational burnout factors in jobs and workplaces could have tangible and considerable psychological, social, behavioral and physiological consequences for individuals which somehow undermine the efficiency and proficiency of people. Social health is also one of the major factors in human growth and development and indicates how an individual evaluates his/her performance in the society and environment in which he/she lives. Since human resources are regarded as the most important factors effective in any institution and organization, their social health is one of the key issues in any society. In fact, special attention should be given to it in any civil society as a part of a culture. Since Mashhad metropolis hosts a large number of pilgrims every year due to the existence of the shrine of Imam Reza (AS), passengers’ travelling in this metropolis is clearly evident which is continual and although it reaches its peak on holidays, it constantly continues during the year despites the ups and downs. Thus, contrary to tourism which is a seasonal process, pilgrimage, which is of course similar to tourism in a general sense, holds a different approach in the development process. Yet, the existence of pilgrim reception structures (efficient or inefficient) in the metropolis, especially at a large scale is currently very obvious which requires a lot of study. Materials and Methods The theoretical framework of this study is the joint approach in the field of sociology and social psychology (social health theory of Keyes and occupational burnout theory of Maslach and Jackson). And the theories of De Pelao, White, Grosch and Olson have been used in the field of demographic variables. The preset study has been conducted through survey method. The population consists of all hotel employees in Mashhad metropolis. The sample size is equal to 650 using quantitative Cochran formula (by calculating the variance) and stratified random sampling method has been used for sampling. In this study, the relationship between social health and its dimensions (social unity, social acceptance, social contribution, social adaptation and social actualization) and occupational burnout and its dimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of personal accomplishment) and their interactive effects have been investigated. Discussion and Results The results suggest that the employees in three to five star hotels in Mashhad enjoy social health index averagely (41.1%).Moreover, it has been observed that the degree of employees’ occupational burnout is high (42.4 %). The results indicate a significant and reverse relationship between social health, its dimensions and the structure of occupational burnout. The findings also confirm the significant impact of social health on the dimensions of occupational burnout (emotional exhaustion (-0.206), depersonalization (-0.228) and lack of personal accomplishment (-0.113). The regression results show that of social health dimensions, the dimension of social contribution has the greatest direct impact on occupational burnout of employees with the beta value (-0.48). According to the value of variance analysis, 189.256 at the error level smaller than 0.01 is significant and it can be concluded that the regression model of this study consisting of 5 independent variables and one dependent variable (occupational burnout) is a good model. These 5 variables can clarify the degree of occupational burnout and the achieved results can be generalized to the sample. Furthermore, the equation of occupational burnout forecast can clarify 55. 3 percent of the variance of the dependent variable. Conclusion In the new industry, the development of human resources is considered as one of the concerns of planners in the field of human resources. In addition to selecting and establishing the best human resources, a suitable ground for their maintenance should be provided. In maintaining the up-to-date human resources, occupational pressures are one of the factors that can endanger the social health of human resources. For planning in the field of tourism and optimal use of the existing potential resources in our country in hotel and tourism industries, first, identifying the factors and variables that influence the development of this industry is necessary. It is in the light of good human relations that organizations (hotels) can improve the relationship between people and their teamwork spirit and cause the cooperation among the members of this group. As a result, they can change an organization to a good place to live and work and avoid the occupational burnout of their employees. The proper employment of people in the right jobs, at the right time, in the right place and in the right conditions and environments is one of the pillars of human resource management. Keywords: Social Health, Hotel Industry, Occupational Burnout, Tourism References Barabadi, M., Gol Paravar, M., and Atash Pour, S.Ad. (2015). The Role of job demands , job resources and occupational burnout in forecasting job performance, with the aim of forecasting job performance, Danesh va Pazhoohesh Scientific and Research Journal of Applied Psychology , 16(59): 13-21 .(In Persian) Behnia, G. (2001). The Relationship between Burnout and Mental Health, According to the Tenacity of Moderating Variable between Male Teachers, Mathematics, Social Sciences, Physics and Literature, New System, Khuzestan province, the Academic year 1998-99, Research projects of the council of Education of Khuzestan. (In Persian) Blanco, A. and Diaz, D. (2007). Social Order and Mental Health: A Social Well-Being Approach, Autonoma University of Madrid, Psychologe in Spain. Chen, C. and kao, Y. (2012). Investigating the antecedents and consequences of burnout and isolation among flight attendants, Tourism Management, 33: 868-874. Dashti, S., Faradmal, J., Soheilizadeh, M., No Abadi, R. and Salehi Nia, H.D. (2014). Factors related to the occupational burnout of employees in health centers of Hamadan town in 2012, Pazhoohan Scientific Journal, 13: 1- 9. (In Persian) Demir A., Ulusoy M. and Ulusoy, M.F. (2003). Investigation of factors influencing burnout level in the professional and private lives of nurses, Int J Nurs Stud, 40: 807-27. Genevieve Trepanier, S., Fernet, C., Austin, S. and Menard, J. (2015). Revisiting the interplay between burnout and work engagement, an Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) approach, Burnout Research, 2: 51-59. Green, A.F., Albanese, B.J., Shapiro, N.M. and Arons, G.A. (2014). The roles of individual and organizational factors in burnout among community–based mental health service provides, US national library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 11(1): 9- 49. Keyes, M. (2004). Mental health and / or mental illness? investigation axioms of the complete state model of health, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(5): 539-548. Keyes, M., and Shapiro, A. (2004). Social well-being in the United States: A Descriptive Epidemiology, In How Healthy Are We? A National Study of Well-Being at Midlife, Publisher: University Chicago Press, Editors: Orville G. Brim, Carol Ryff and Ronald Kessler, 350-372. Maslach, C., Wilmar, B. and Leiter, M.D. (2001). Job burnout, Annual Review of Psychology, 52: 397-422. Maslach, D. and Jackson, S.E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout, Journal of Occupational Behavior, 2: 99-113. MCGrath, A., Reid, N. and Boore, J. (2003). Occupational stress in nursing, International Journal of Nursing Studies, 40(5): 555-565. Montgomery, A. and Apanu, F. (2015). Job demands, burnout, and engagement among nurses: A multi level analysis of (ORCAB) data investigating The moderation effect of team work, Burnout Research, 2(2-3): 71- 79. Rasoulian, M., Elahi, F. and Afkham Ebrahimi, A. (2005). The Relationship between Occupational Burnout and Personality Traits in Nurses, Andisheh VA Rafter Journal, 9(4): 18-24. (In Persian) Seyed Javadin, R. (2003).The Management of Human Resource and Personnel Affairs, Tehran, Negah-e Danesh Publication. (In Persian) Shariati, A. H. (2009). The Study of the Factors Effective in the Customer Profitability with the Company-to-Company Approach, Case Study, Hotels in Isfahan City, M.A. thesis, University of Isfahan. (In Persian) Sheini-Jaberi, P., Baraz Pordanjani, S. and Biralvand, S. (2014). The Study of relationship between self-esteem and occupational burnout of nurses, Clinical Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 3(3): 52- 62. (In Persian) Sabouri, S. (2012). The Study of the Level of Social Health among Employees of Education District 11 of Tehran, B.A. Thesis of Payam-e Noor University, West Tehran branch. (In Persian) Abdi Masouleh, F., Kaviani, H., Khaghanizadeh, M. and Momeni Araghi, A.L. (2007). The study of the relationship of occupational burnout to mental health, case study on 200 nurses, Journal of Faculty of Medicine, 65(6): 65-75. (In Persian) Gol Parvar, M. and Hossinzadeh, K. (2011). The model of the relationship between the incompatibility of a Person’s job with emotional occupational burnout and tendency towards leaving job, evidences of stress model, Unbalance Compensation, Journal of Applied Psychology, 5(1):41 -56. (In Persian) Gol Parvar, M., Nayeri, S. and Mehdad, A. (2010). The prevention models of occupational stress, emotional burnout and deviant behaviors by management, leadership and ethical values in Esfahan Steel Company, Journal of Applied Psychology, 4: 7- 25. (In Persian) Mardani, A. (2014). The Study of the Factors Influencing the Social Health of Students of Yazd University, M.A Thesis of Sociology, University of Social Sciences (In Persian) Hazar Jaribi, J. and Arfaei Einoddin, R. (2012). Leisure time and social health, Journal of Planning, Social Welfare and Development,10:39-64. (In Persian) Waite, L.J. (1996). Marital Values and Expectations in Context: Results from a 21-City Survey, Retrieved December 5, 2007, from http://www.Findarticle.com. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Social Health, Hotel Industry, Occupational Burnout, Tourism | ||
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