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تحلیل جامعه شناختی پایبندی گردشگران به هنجارهای اجتماعی | ||
| برنامه ریزی و توسعه گردشگری | ||
| شناسنامه علمی شماره، دوره 5، شماره 16، خرداد 1395، صفحه 168-187 اصل مقاله (649.98 K) | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| قربانعلی ابراهیمی* 1؛ وحید جان محمدی لرگانی2؛ سیده فاطمه اندرواژ3 | ||
| 1استادیار گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران | ||
| 2کارشناسی ارشد جامعه شناسی، دانشگاه مازندران | ||
| 3دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد پژوهش اجتماعی، دانشگاه خوارزمی | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 05 اسفند 1393، تاریخ بازنگری: 30 اردیبهشت 1395، تاریخ پذیرش: 25 خرداد 1395 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| با توجه با جاذبه های گردشگری استان مازندران ما شاهد جذب هزاران گردشگر از اقصی نقاط ایران به این منطقهی شمالی می باشیم، گردشگران با توجه به آنکه زمان کمی را در منطقه گردشگری سپری می کنند و به صورت موقتی و گذرا در این مناطق هستند، در این پژوهش سعی شده است به این موضوع بپردازیم که گردشگران به چه میزان به هنجارها در جامعه مقصد پایبند هستند و چه عواملی باعث میشود که گردشگران هنجارها را رعایت کنند.در بخش هنجارهای اجتماعی به‌عنوان متغیر وابسته، از تئوری الستر (1989) برای تبیین بهتر مفهوم هنجار سود جسته میشود، و در بخش متغیر مستقل از نظریه های مختلفی سود جسته ایم. از لحاظ روش شناسی برای این موضوع با روش پیمایشی و ابزار پرسشنامه از 300 نفر گردشگر استان مازندران که به روش نمونه گیری خوشه ای چند مرحله ای انتخاب شدند، اطلاعات لازم گردآوری شد. برای اطمینان از اعتبار پرسشنامه، از اعتبار صوری و جهت بررسی روایی پرسشنامه از آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد با توجه به سطح معناداری 003/0 به‌دست‌آمده جنسیت و هنجار اجتماعی کل، زنان گردشگر بیش از مردان به هنجارها پایبند هستند، همچنین ضریب تعیین (R2) نیز 21/0 درصد محاسبه شده است. به این معنی که حدود 21 درصد از تغییرات «هنجار اجتماعی» توسط پنج متغیر (روابط درون‌گروهی، همبستگی اجتماعی، تعهد گروهی، عقلانیت و دلهره ی منزلت درون گروهی) تبیین می شود. متغیرهای تعهد گروهی (24/0 ضرایب استاندارد شده)، همبستگی اجتماعی (17/0 ضرایب استاندارد شده)، عقلانیت (14/0) ضرایب استاندارد شده) و روابط درون‌گروهی با (12/0 ضرایب استاندارد شده) به ترتیب قویترین پیش‌بینی کننده های «هنجار اجتماعی» می باشند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| هنجار؛ پایبندی؛ عوامل اجتماعی؛ مازندران؛ گردشگر | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A Sociological Study of Tourists' Adherence to Social Norms | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ghorbanali Ebrahimi1؛ Vahid Janmohammadi2؛ Fatemeh Andarvazh3 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor of Sociology, University of Mazandaran | ||
| 2MA Student of Sociology, University of Mazandaran | ||
| 3MA Social Science Research, University of Kharazmi | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract Introduction 'Norm' is a Latin word and it means a principle or a rule which we refer to in actions, the word norm conceptually involves rules and principles which are required to guide and lead human behavior (Mooney, Konx & Schacht, 2,. 2000: 249). Regarding tourist attractions of Mazandaran province, the city which has attracted many tourists, is one of main tourists` destinations. Tourists who do not perpetually reside in destination communities sometimes it is assumed that they do not follow norms in the destination community. The results of a number of domestic studies also indicate that there are increasing rate of crimes (Zahedi, 2006), crimes alongside with social deviance (Karimi, 2013), or social-cultural irregularities (Taghdisi et al., 2012; Ebrahimi, 2011) and use of drug and alcohol (Zia`ee & Torabian, 2010) in tourist seasons in some regions. Therefore the study aims at realizing the rate of faithfulness to norms within tourists of Mazandaran cities and understanding the point that what factors make tourists to follow social norms in the destination society. Theoretical framework In the social norms part as dependent variables, Elster theory is used to specify the concept of norm. Different aspects of norm such as consumption norms, anti-behavioral norms, reciprocal norms, companionship norms are taken into account as dependent variables. And in the second part we consider different factors which play role in actors following norms. In this study we extracted the hypothesis with this approach in a way that how an individual carries out a group`s wishes in following the social norms and how the group can force the individual to follow the norms. Methodology Methodologically, for this subject with survey research and questionnaire the needed data were gathered out of 300 individuals of Mazandaran tourists who were chosen with the multiphase cluster sampling method. To ensure the validity of the questionnaire the face validity and to examine the validity Cronbach alpha were used. The SPSS software was used to analyze the data and collected information. Discussion and findings The comparison of the mean aspects of the norm indicates that the norm average of reciprocal action for women was 5.0 and for men was 4.9. There was a slight difference between men and women. There is no difference in the average of companionship norm of men and women. The average of consumption norm for women was 4.5 and for men was 4.3 which indicates a difference in this aspect. The average of anti-behavioral norm in women and men equals 4.2 and show no difference. Examining the average of men and women`s gained marks reveals that between the aspects of social norms (reciprocal norms, companionship norms, anti-behavioral norms) the difference in the gained marks of tourist men and women in faithfulness to social norms is not meaningful; but in the consumption norms, the average of gained marks of women (21.7) was higher than men`s (21.2); therefore, it can be said that the average of consumption norms of men and women has a meaningful difference. The hypothesis women are more faithful to the norms than men is confirmed regarding gained 0.003 meaningfulness level of gender and total social norms. Multiple correlation coefficient (R) is 0.458 which indicates the correlation and relation of five independent variables with dependent variable "social norm". Coefficient of determination (R2) is also calculated 0.21 revealing that about 21 per cent of "social norm" changes are conducted by mentioned five variables and the rest 79 per cent relates to the other factors which are not examined in this study. Only the inter-group attitude panic variable among the five variables had no meaningful relationship with "social norm". Group commitment variables with standardized coefficient (0.24 of coefficient standardized), social correlation (0.17 of coefficient standardized), rationality (0.14 of coefficient standardized) and inter-group relationships (0.17 of coefficient standardize) are the strongest predictors of "social norm" respectively. Conclusion The first hypothesis claims that faithfulness to social norm is a positive function of inter-group relationships. This hypothesis is confirmed. This variable could predict 12 per cent of dependent variable changes alongside other variables. The second hypothesis claims that faithfulness to social norm is a positive function of social correlation which is confirmed regarding its meaningfulness level. This variable could specify 0.17 of dependent variable changes. The hypothesis number 3 believes faithfulness to norms is a positive function of social commitment which regarding the results this hypothesis is confirmed and is generalizable to statistical population. The results of regression model shows that regarding the measurement of this variable among other variables, it has the most relative effect on specifying the dependable variable (faithfulness to norm). This variable has the most part (0.24 per cent) in specifying the dependant variable and can predict 24 per cent of dependent variable changes among other variables. The fifth hypothesis claims faithfulness to social norm is a positive function of rationality. This hypothesis is confirmed. 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| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Norm, Faithfulness, Social Factors, Mazandaran, Tourist | ||
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