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ارزیابی ساعتی شرایط آسایش اقلیمی جزیره‌ی قشم برای انواع مختلف فعالیت گردشگری | ||
| برنامه ریزی و توسعه گردشگری | ||
| شناسنامه علمی شماره، دوره 5، شماره 16، خرداد 1395، صفحه 209-229 اصل مقاله (947.9 K) | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حمید خراسانی1؛ اسداله خورانی* 2؛ حسن ذولفقاری3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اکوتوریسم، دانشگاه هرمزگان | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه هرمزگان | ||
| 3دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 13 مرداد 1394، تاریخ بازنگری: 29 آبان 1395، تاریخ پذیرش: 25 خرداد 1395 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| ویژگی مشترک اشکال مختلف طبیعت‌گردی، تحرک بدنی طبیعت‌گرد در زمان‌ها و مکان‌های مختلف، با شدت‌های مختلف است بدون این که بر شرایط اقلیمی و جوی کنترلی داشته باشد. به همین دلیل شرایط آسایش زیست اقلیمی در فعالیت‌های طبیعت‌گردی و اکوتوریسم بر خلاف سایر فعالیت‌های گردشگری به شدت وابسته به عوامل آب و هوایی و توپوگرافی منطقه و نرخ گرمای متابولیک ناشی از فعالیت بدنی طبیعت‌گرد است. در این پژوهش، با استفاده از داده‌های ساعتی 30 ساله و به وسیله‌ی شاخص اقلیم آسایش SET* به بررسی شرایط آسایش اقلیمی فعالیت‌های طبیعت‌گردی در جزیره‌ی قشم پرداخته شد. از نتایج این تحقیق ارائه‌ی یک طبقه‌بندی جدید از فعالیت‌های طبیعت‌گردی در پنج گروه خیلی سبک، سبک، متوسط، نیمه‌سنگین و سنگین است. تحلیل داده‌ها نشان داد که اگر چه در ماه‌های گرم سال مناسب‌ترین ساعت‌ها برای فعالیت‌های طبیعت‌گردی 6 صبح، 18 عصر و 21 شب است، و در ماه‌های سرد سال شرایط مطلوب آسایش زیست اقلیمی به ساعت‌های 9 صبح، 12 ظهر و 15 عصر منتقل می‌شود؛ امّا در تمام ماه‌های سال این جزیره برای فعالیت‌های طبیعت‌گردی مناسب است. همچنین نتایج نشان می‌دهد که برای اندازه‌گیری شرایط آسایش اقلیمی فعالیت‌های نیمه‌سنگین و سنگین باید شاخص SET* را کالیبره نمود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| طبیعت‌گردی؛ آسایش حرارتی؛ *SET؛ جزیره‌ی قشم | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Hourly Evaluation of Climate Comfort of Queshm Island for Different Nature-based Tourism Activities | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hamid Khorasani1؛ Asadollah Khoorani2؛ Hasan Zolfaghrai3 | ||
| 1MSc of Ecotourism, University of Hormozgan | ||
| 2Assistant Professor of Climatology, University of Hormozgan | ||
| 3Associate Professor of Climatology, Razi University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract Nature-based tourism is a kind of tourism, including natural and anthropogenic attractions that is built in nature (rural and pastoral life styles). Nowadays these activities are one of the most important sections of tourism. Based on the variety of natural and anthropogenic attractions, Iran has an excellent potential for natural-based tourism. Qheshm Island, the biggest Island in Iran and Persian Golf, is one of the most valuable regions for natural-based tourism having a long history, and historic and cultural heritage, has a volunteer potentials for natural-based tourism. In this study we are going to answer to the following question: what are the most appropriate times for natural-based tourism activities based on metabolic heat and CLO for Qheshm Island by using SET* climate comfort index? The results show even in warm months (low season for tourism in this area) there is some potentials for natural-based tourism activities. Introduction A common characteristic of various kinds of natural-based tourism is physical activity of tourists in different environments and times with different intensities, having no control on climatic and atmospheric conditions. For this reason, unlike other kinds of tourism activities, for natural-based tourism and ecotourism, bioclimatic comfort conditions are highly depend on climatic and topographic factors, and on the rate of metabolic heat of natural-based tourist physical activity. Materials and Methods In this paper climate comfort condition of natural-based tourism activities is investigated for Qheshm Island using 30 years hourly data as input of SET* index. Discussion and Results One of the outcomes of this study is a new classification of natural-based tourism activities in five classes including; very light, light, moderate, semi-heavy, heavy activities. Table (1): Classification of natural-based tourism activities based on metabolic heat (W/m2) and CLO[1] Ecotourism activity level Metabolic heat of Activity Watts/m2 CLO Watts/m2 Natural-based activity 1- Very light 115- 144 For summer: 0.55 For winter: 0.96 115 W: Cultural tourism 116 W: Walking (less than 3.2 km per hour (2.0 mph)) 2- Light 145- 174 For summer: 0.55 For winter: 0.96 145 W: Camping (including standing, walking, sitting, or light-to-moderate effort), Bird watching, Walking (3/2 km per hour (2.0 mph)), fishing (sitting in a boat) 162 W: walking(4 km per hour (2.5 mph)), walking on downhills 174 W: fishing, general, sailing, boat and board sailing, windsurfing 3-Moderate 175- 289 For summer: 0.55 For winter: 0.96 191 W: Canoeing 203 W: walking for pleasure 232 W: fishing from the river bank while walking, canoeing, trip on paddle boat 4- Semi heavy 290- 492 For summer: 0.55 For winter: 0.96 Diving with no clothes: 0.1 Diving with appropriate clothes: 0.59 Jet Ski: 0.18 290 W: hunting (in general), kayaking, snorkeling, walking grass track, whitewater rafting 348 W: jogging (less than 10 minutes), walking uphill (5.6 km per hour (3.5 mph)), hiking cross country, skiing on water, swimming on lake, ocean and river 406 W: rowing, jogging, swimming backstroke and freestyle, slow, moderate or light effort, hill climbing with 0 to 4 kg load (0 to 9 pound), diving, scuba diving 464 W: Running 8 km per hour (5 mph), climbing hills with 9.5 to 19 kg load (21 to 42 pound) Continued Table (1): Classification of natural-based tourism activities based on metabolic heat (W/m2) and CLO[2] Ecotourism activity level Metabolic heat of Activity Watts/m2 CLO Watts/m2 Natural-based activity 5- Heavy 493- 957 For summer: 0.55 For winter: 0.96 Diving with no clothes: 0.1 Diving with appropriate clothes: 0.59 493 W: mountain biking 696 W: canoeing (with a high rate of activity), rowing, (>9.6 km per hour) >6 mph, 725 W: moderate Skin diving 928 W: fast skin diving 957 W: skiing cross country on hard snow, mountaineering uphill in a maximum snow amount Outcomes show that although some month are not suitable for some kind of activities (based on SET* index), but there is some restricted suitable times for some kinds of activities. In warm months the most comfortable times for natural-based tourism activities are 6:00, 18:00 and 21:00 and in cold months are 9:00, 12:00 and 15:00. Therefor there is suitable times for natural-based tourism activities in all around the year. Conclusions Therefore, even in warm months (low season for tourism in this area) there is some potentials for natural-based tourism activities. Unlike Nohegar and Hoseinzadeh (2009) we believe that climate is one of the strengths of Qheshm Island for development of natural-based tourism, and is not a weakness of it. The results show that there is no suitable times all around the year in Qheshm Island for heavy activities such as mountain biking, diving with high rate body activity and …. Therefore for heavy activities SET* index is needs to be calibrated. Keywords: Nature-Based Tourism, Heat Comfort, SET*, Qheshm Island. 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Ranjbarian, B. and Zahedi, M. (2010). Tourism Marketing, Isfahan Cheharbagh Publication. (In Persian) Robaa, S.M, and Hasanean, H.M. (2007). Human climates of Egypt, International Journal of Climatology, 27: 781–792. Spagnolo, J.C. and De Dear, R.J. (2003). A human thermal climatology of subtropical Sydney, International Journal of Climatology, 23: 1383–1395. Soleimani, E. and Moghise, S. (2009). Report of Ecotourism (Natural-Based Tourism) in Iran, Research Center of the Iranian Parliament, Office of Infrastructure (Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources), object code 250, serial number 10325. (In Persian) Weaver, D.B. (2005). Comprehensive and minimalist dimensions of ecotourism, Annals of Tourism Research, 32(2): 439–455. Ye, G., Yang, C., Chen, Y. and Li, Y. (2003). A new approach for measuring predicted mean vote (PMV) and standard effective temperature (SET*), Building and Environment, 38: 33 – 44. Zolfaghari, H. (2006). Determining suitable times for visiting Tabriz using Potential Effective Temperature (PET) and Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) indices, Geographic Researches, 62: 129-142. (In Persian) [1] 1 CLO = 0.155 K·m²·W⁻¹ [2] 1 CLO = 0.155 K·m²·W⁻¹ | ||
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