آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 28 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 426 |
| تعداد مقالات | 4,164 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 6,739,565 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 4,988,964 |
بررسی اثرات مداخلات دولتی بر عملکرد نوآورانه بنگاه‌ها:مطالعه موردی شرکت-های دانشبنیان حوزه فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات | ||
| پژوهشنامه مدیریت اجرایی | ||
| دوره 12، شماره 23، خرداد 1399، صفحه 95-124 اصل مقاله (1.44 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مدیریت تولید و عملیات (برنامه‌ریزی تولید، چابکی، پایداری، ناب، سبز، برون‌سپاری، زنجیره تأمین، زنجیره ارزش، کیفیت، بهره وری، صنعت چهار و ابعاد آن، . . .) | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22080/jem.2020.18463.3167 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سپهر قاضی نوری* 1؛ زهرا محمدهاشمی2؛ مهدی سجادی فر3 | ||
| 1استادگروه مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3استادیارگروه فنی و مهندسی، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ، تهران، ایران | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 12 فروردین 1399، تاریخ بازنگری: 10 خرداد 1399، تاریخ پذیرش: 21 خرداد 1399 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مشوقهای مالی و مالیاتی به عنوان یکی از ابزارهای مهم و متداول سیاستی در ایجاد نوآوری در بنگاههای خصوصی در نظر گرفته میشوند. در اغلب کشورها برنامه مدونی برای ارزیابی اثربخشی این سیاست‌ها در سطح بنگاه وجود دارد و از طریق شاخص‌ها و روش‌های مختلف این ارزیابیها صورت می‌گیرد. بر اساس قانون حمایت از شرکتهای دانشبنیان، این شرکتها میتوانند از معافیت مالیات بر فروش به مدت 15 سال و تسهیلات کم بهره برای توسعه فناوری و تجاریسازی بهرهمند شوند. هدف این مطالعه بررسی اثربخشی این ابزارهای حمایتی، بر عملکرد بنگاههای کوچک دانشبنیان در دسته فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات میباشد. اثر افزونگی ورودی و خروجی این حمایتها از طریق بررسی تغییرات در نیرویانسانی تحقیق و توسعه، محصول جدید و فروش، قبل و بعد از دریافت ترکیب‌های مختلف از ابزارهای سیاستی در شرکتهای دانشبنیان کوچک (کمتر از 50 نفر) تحلیل خواهد شد. در این پژوهش برای تحلیل اثرات مستقیم و متقابل میان ابزارهای سیاستی از روش کمی "طرح عاملی 22" استفاده شده است. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان‌دهنده تاثیر معنادار تسهیلات بر افزایش نیروی انسانی تحقیق و توسعه و وجود اثر متقابل میان تسهیلات و معافیت مالیاتی بر افزایش محصولات جدید است. بنابراین میتوان نتیجه گرفت اگر چه شرکتهای دانشبنیان از این مشوقها در جهت افزایش نیروی انسانی تحقیق و توسعه و تولید محصول جدید بهره گرفتهاند، اما در فروش این محصولات در بازار چندان موفق نبودهاند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| شرکتهای دانشبنیان؛ نیرویانسانی تحقیق و توسعه؛ فروش؛ محصول جدید؛ اثر افزونگی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigating the Effects of Government Interventions on the Firms' Innovative Performance: A Case Study of Knowledge-Based ICT Companies | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Sepehr Ghazinoory1؛ Zahra Mohammad Hashemi2؛ Mehdi Sajadifar3 | ||
| 1Information Technology Management Department,, Faculty of Management & Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2National Research Institute for Science Policy (NRISP), Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant professor, Engineering Department,, Faculty of Technical & Engineering, University of Science & Culture, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Financial and tax incentives are considered as one of the most important and effective tools for countries to innovate in private enterprises. In order to analyze this hypothesis, the financial facilities and tax exemptions under the law for supporting knowledge-based firms will be considered and its impact on the performance of small knowledge-based firms in the ICT category will be evaluated. The Iranian “Knowledge-based Institutions” Act certifies selected high-tech firms as “knowledge-based” firms and offers them policy incentives (e.g. a fifteen-year sales tax exemption and low-interest financing for technology development and commercialization). With the approval of the law for supporting knowledge-based firms in 2010, a new wave in Iran’s science, technology and innovation system began with a focus on the knowledge-based economy and innovation-based. The impact of input and output additionality on these supports will be analyzed by examining changes in R&D manpower, new product, and sales of knowledge-based firms, before and after receiving different combinations of policy tools in Small-sized knowledge-based firms (with fewer than 50 employees). The 2k Factorial Design approach has been used to evaluate the impact of policies and the interaction of tools. The results show that the significant effect of facilities on R&D employees and the interaction effect of facilities and tax exemptions on new products. Therefore, it can be concluded that although the knowledge-based firms have been able to use the incentives to increase the R&D manpower and produce new products, they have not been very successful in selling these products in the market. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Knowledge-Based firms, R&D employee, New Product Sales, Additionality effect | ||
|
سایر فایل های مرتبط با مقاله
|
||
| مراجع | ||
|
Afcha, S., & García-Quevedo, J. (2014). The impact of R&D subsidies on R&D employment composition. Centrum Católica’s working paper, No. 2014-11-0003. Almus, M. & D. Czarnitzki (2003). ‘The Effects of Public R&D Subsidies on Firms' Innovation Activities: The Case of Eastern Germany’, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 21(2), 226-236. Aralica,Z, & Botrić,V.(2013). .Evaluation Of Research And Development Tax Incentive Scheme In Croatia ,Ekonomska Istrazivanja-Economic Research,26(3): 63-80. Assessment and Qualification of Knowledge Based firms Committee. Assessing the implementation of supporting knowledge‐ based firms law [Internet]. Tehran: Vice Presidency for Science and Technology; 2016 [cited 2018December12]. Available from: http://daneshbonyan.isti.ir/index.aspx?pageid=2994. [in Persian] Autio, E., Kanninen, S. & Gustafsson, R. (2008). First-and second-order additionality and learning out comes in collaborative R&D programs”,Research Policy, 37(1), 59-76. Alecke, B., T. Mitze, J. Reinkowski and G. Untiedt (2012). Does firm size make a difference? Analysing the effectiveness of R&D subsidies in East Germany, German Economic Review, 13, 174–195. Buisseret, T.J., Cameron,H.M.and Georghiou, L. (1995). What difference does it make? Additionality in the public support of R&D in large firms. International Journal of Technology Management, 10(4/5/6), 587-600. Bérube, C., & Mohnen, P. (2009). Are firms that receive R&D subsidies more innovative? Canadian Journal of Economics, 42(1), 206-225. Bronzini, R. and Piselli, P. (2016), “The impact of R&D subsidies on firm innovation”, Research Policy, 45(2), 442-457 Bozeman, B., & Dietz, J.S. (2001). Research Policy Trends in the United States, in Laredo P. and Mustar P. (eds), Research and Innovation Policy in the New Global Economy: An International Comparative Analysis. Edward Elgar Publishing, 47-78. Chapman, G., & Hewitt-Dundas, N. (2015). Behavioural Additionality: An Innovation Orientation Perspective. DRUID Academy conference in Rebild, Aalborg, Denmark. Cunningham, P;Gök,A & Larédo,Ph(2016). The impact of direct support to R&D and innovation in firms , handbook of innovation policy impact. Clausen,T.H.(2009). Do subsidies have positive impacts on R&D and innovation activities at the firm level?”,Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 20(4),pp.239-253. Corchuelo, M.B., & Martinez-Ros, E. (2011). Are fisical insentives for R&D effective? An empirical analysis for Spain. Working paper No. 2011/04, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Cappelen, A., A. Raknerud & M. Rybalka, (2007). The effect of R&D tax credits on firm performance. Report 2007/22. Statistics Norway: Oslo. Clarysse, B., Wright, M., Mustar, P. (2009). Behavioural additionality of R&D subsidies: A learning perspective”, Research Policy, 38, 1517-1533. Colombo, M. G., L. Grilli & S. Murtinu, (2011). R&D subsidies and the performance of high-tech start-ups. Economics Letters. (112):97-99. Czarnitzki, D., Lopes-Bento, C. (2011). Innovation subsidies: Does the funding source matter for innovation intensity and performance? Empirical evidence from Germany”, CEPS/INSTEAD Working Paper Series 2011-42. Czarnitzki, D., Hanel,p., Rosa,J.M. (2011). Evaluating the impact of R&D tax credits on innovation: A micro econometric study on Canadian firms.Research Policy. 40, 217–229. Caiumi, A. (2011). The Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Tax Expenditures—A Novel Approach: An Application to the Regional Tax Incentives for Business Investments in Italy’, OECD Taxation Working Papers 5. Dumont.M. (2013). The impact of subsidies and fiscal incentives on corporate R&D expenditures in Belgium.Federal Planning Bureau. Duguet, E. (2012). The effect of the incremental R&D tax credit on the private funding of R&D: An econometric evaluation on French firm level data. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00674546. Edler, J ., Shapira ,Ph.,Cunningham.p., Gök, A.(2016). Evidence on the effectiveness of innovation policy intervention. Hadbook of innovation policy impact. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. Eshima, Y. (2003). Impact of public policy on innovative SMEs in Japan. Journal of Small Business Management, 41, 85-93. Ernst, C., and Spengel, C. (2011). Taxation, R&D Tax Incentives and Patent Application in Europe’, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 11-024, Centre for European Economic Research Falk, R., J. Borrmann, N. Grieger, E. Neppl-O swald & U. Weixlbaumer (2009a). Evaluation of Government Funding in RTDI from a Systems Perspective in Austria, Report 4: Tax Incentive Schemes for R&D, Vienna: Austrian Institute for Economic Research. Falk, R., E. Neppl-O swald, K. Trebicka & U. Weixlbaumer (2009b). Evaluation of Government Funding in RTDI from a Systems Perspective in Austria, Report 8: Kohärenz des Instrumenten mix: Zusammenspiel der direkten und indirekten Forschungs förderung [Coherence of policy mix: Interaction of direct and indirect R&D support measures], Vienna: Austrian Institute for Economic Research. Fombassoa, G, E & Cincerab,M.(2016). The Effect of Subsidies on R&D Investment and Success – Do Subsidy History and Size Matter?. International Centre for Innovation Technology and Education. Freitas, I., Castellacci, F., Fontana, R., Malerba, F., & Vezzulli, A. (2017). Sectors and the Additionality Effects of R&D Tax Credits: A Cross-Country Micro econometric Analysis’, Research Policy, 46: 57–72. Guan, J.C. & Yam, R.C. (2015). Effects of government financial incentives on firms’ innovation performance in China:evidences from Beijingin the1990s”,Research Policy, 44(1), 273-282. Guellec, D., & van Pottelsberghe, B.(2003).The impact of public R&D expenditure on business R&D. Economics of Innovation and NewTechnologies.12(3),225-244. Grilli, L. & S. Murtinu (2012). Do public subsidies affect the performance of new technology-b ased firms? The importance of evaluation schemes and agency goals’, Prometheus, 30 (1), 97–111. Girma, S., H. Görg & E. Strobl (2007). The effect of government grants on plant level productivity’, Economics Letters, 94, 439–444. Guceri, I., & Liu, L. (2017). Effectiveness of Fiscal Incentives for R&D: Quasi-Experimental Evidence’, IMF Working Paper WP/17/84. Goolsbee, A. (1997). Investment tax incentives, prices and the supply of capital goods. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113(1), 48-121. Gonzalez, X., Jaumandreu, J., & Pazo, C. (2005). Barriers to innovation and subsidy effectiveness, RAND Journal of Economics, 36(4), 930-950. Guceri, I. (2016). Will the real R&D employees please stand up? Effects of tax breaks on firm level outcomes. Oxford University Centre for Business Taxation, Working paper series. Halle´pe´e,S.,and Garcia,A.H.(2012). E ´valuation du dispositif JEI. Ministe`re du redressement productif. <http://www.dgcis.gouv.fr/files/files/directions_ services/etudes-et-statistiques/evaluation/evaluation-du-dispositif-JEI.pdf> accessed April 2019. Hageland, T., & Moen,J. (2007).The Relationship between the Norwegian R&D Tax Credit Scheme and Other Innovation Policy Instruments, Reports 2007/45, Oslo: Statistics Norway. Howlett, M., Rayner, J., (2013). Patching vs Packaging in Policy Formulation: Assessing Policy Portfolio Design. Politics and Governance. 1(2), 170-182. Köhler, C., Laredo, P., & Rammer, C. (2012). The impact and effectiveness of fiscal incentives for R&D.” Compendium of Evidence on the effectiveness of Innovation Policy. KOF, Joanneum Research, Technopolis & Universiteit Twente (2004). Evaluation of the Austrian Industrial Research Promotion Fund (FFF) and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), Vienna: WIFO. Kazan, H.,Baydar,M. (2014). R&D Expenditures, New Product Introductions, and Sales Performance with Application to the Furniture Industry International Journal of Operations and Logistics Management, 3( 1), 30-41 . Kobayashi, Y. (2014). Effect of R&D tax credits for SMEs in Japan: a micro econometric analysis focused on liquidity constraints”, Small Business Economics, 42(2), 311-327. Lhuillery, S., Marino, M., & Parrotta, P. (2013). Evaluation de l’impact des aides directes et indirectes a la R&D en France. Report for Ministere Enseignement Superieure et de la Recherche. Larédo, Ph. Köhler, Ch., & Rammer, Ch. (2016). The impact of fiscal incentives for R&D. Handbook of innovation policy impact. Lokshin, B. and Mohnen, P. (2013). Do r&d tax incentives lead to higher wages for r&d workers? evidence from the netherlands. Research Policy, 42(3):823 – 830. Lerner, J. (1999). The Government as venture capitalist: The long-run impact of the SBIR program. Journal of Business, 72, 285-318. Link, A., & Scott, J. (2013). Public R&D subsidies, outside private support, and employment growth. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 22, 537-550. Lokshin, B., & Mohnen, P. (2012). How effective are level-based R&D tax credits? Evidence from the Netherlands. Applied Economics, 44(12), 1527–1538. Liu, P. & Tsai, C. (2007). The Influence of Innovation Management on New Product Development Performance in Taiwan’s Hi-Tech Industries. Research Journal of Business Management, 1: 20-29. Lelarge, C. (2009). Alleviating the burden of entrepreneurial risk? Evidence from two French targeted programs. Report to the Direction Générale des Entreprises, Service des Études et Statistiques Industrielles. Moutaabbid, A. (2016) Le dispositif « JEI » a be´ne´ficie´ a` 3 500 entreprises en 2015, essentiellement des secteurs du nume´rique et des activite´s scientifiques. Ministe`re de l’E ´conomie et Des Finances, Etudes Economiques N66. Mohnen, P., & Lokshin, B. (2008) ‘Wage Effects of R&D Tax Incentives: Evidence from the Netherlands’, MERIT Working Papers number 034, University of Maastricht. Montgomery, D.C. (2008). Design and analysis of experiments. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Martin, B. R. (2016). R&D policy instruments – a critical review of what we do and don’t know. Industry and Innovation. 23(2), 157-176. Montmartin, B., Herrera, M. (2015). Internal and external effects of R&D subsidies and fiscal incentives: Empirical evidence using spatial dynamic panel models. Research Policy. 44(5), 1065-1079. Neicu, D. (2019). Evaluating the Effects of an R&D Policy Mix of Subsidies and Tax Credits. Management and Economics Review .4(2), 192-216. Nguyen, K. & Van Reenen, J.(2016). Credit where (R&D tax) credit’s due, CERP’s Policy Portal. OMB Research (2010). Small Firms Loan Guarantee (SFLG) Scheme Recipient and Comparison Group Survey Results, URN 10/511, London: Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. PACEC (2001). Evaluation of Smart, DTI Publications, Small Business Service, Cambridge: PACEC. Romero-Jordan, D., Delgado-Rodríguez, M.J., Alvarez-Ayuso, I. & de Lucas-Santos, S. (2014), “Assessment of the public tools used to promote R&D investment in Spanish SMEs”, Small Business Economics, 43)4(, 959-976. Radas,S.,Anic,I.-D.,Tafro,A. and Wagner,V.(2015). The effects of public support schemes on small and medium enterprises”,Technovation, 38, 15-30. Radicic,D. Pugh, G. Hollanders, H. Wintjes, Rene & Fairburn, Jon.(2015). The impact of innovation support programs on small and medium enterprises innovation in traditional manufacturing industries: An evaluation for seven European Union regions. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy. Simpson, Mike & Taylor, Nick (2002). the role and relevance of marketing in SME: towards a new model, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 9( 4), pp. 370-382. Soltanzadeh,J., Elyasi,M., Ghaderifar,E., Rezaei Soufi,H., Khoshsirat,M.(2020). Evaluation of the effect of R&D subsidies on Iranian firms’ innovative behavior ;Reconceptualizing behavioral additionality. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management , 11) 1(,17-48. Verhoeven, W. H. J., Van Stel, A. J., Timmermans, N.G.L. (2012). Evaluatie WBSO 2006-2010. The Netherlands: Ministerie van Economische Zaken. Wallsten, S. (2000). The effects of government-industry R&D programs on private R&D: The case of the Small Business Innovation Research program. The RAND Journal of Economics, 31, 82-100. Westmore, B. (2013). R&D, Patenting and Growth: The Role of Public Policy, OECD Economics Department Working Paper No. 1047, Paris: OECD Publishing. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,014 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 846 |
||
