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میدانهای شهری در دوره ی ترکمانان و توسعه ی پایدار شهری | ||
| مطالعات باستان شناسی دوران اسلامی Journal of Islamic Archaeology studies | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 1، شماره 2، اسفند 1401، صفحه 7-20 اصل مقاله (1.01 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22080/jiar.2021.3215 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| امین مرادی* 1؛ سپیده بختیاری2؛ سحر بختیاری3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری بنیاد هومبلت، دانشگاه اتو فردیش بامبرگ، بامبرگ، آلمان. | ||
| 2دانش آموخته دکتری تخصصی باستان شناسی دوران اسلامی، دانشکده ی هنر و معماری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران. | ||
| 3دانش آموخته دکتری تخصصی باستان شناسی، دانشکده ی ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران. | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 29 اسفند 1399، تاریخ پذیرش: 29 اسفند 1399 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| موضوع توسعه ی پایدار چند دهه ای است که در علوم و حرفه های مختلف از جمله معماری و شهرسازی مطرح شده و ریشه ی آن در بحران های زیست محیطی و نیز مصرف بی رویه ی انرژی های فسیلی در جهان می باشد. از طرفی توجه به طراحی بناها و کالبد شهر های اقلیم سرد و کوهستانی که از مصرف کنندگان عمده ی انرژی های فسیلی به شمار می روند، می تواند بخش عمده ای از مصرف و در نتیجه کاهش آلودگی های ناشی از مصرف آنها را تقلیل دهد. میدان در شمال غرب کشور، از جمله عناصر سنتی شهریست که به علت از هم گسیختگی ساختاری در کالبد فضایی و نیز هرج و مرج موجود در تجسم هویت آن تعریف مشخصی در تحلیل های شهرسازی نداشته است. از طرفی عدم انطباق مفهوم میدان در منطقه ی مزبور با نمونه های مشابه موجود در فلات مرکزی ایران با شاخصه ی محصور بودن، یکپارچگی معماری و وحدت منظره، نامنظمی در فرم میدان های شمال غرب ایران را دلیل بر رشد تدریجی، عدم مطلوبیت فضایی و اجرا بدون نقشه ی پیش طرح دانسته اند. این پژوهش با رویکردی تحلیلی- تفسیری، به بررسی تاثیر اقلیم در نحوه ی شکل دهی ساختار فضایی میدان صاحب آباد به عنوان نمونه ی موردی پرداخته است تا با شناخت ویژگی های فرمی و فضایی آن در جهت دست یابی به الگوی پایدار شهری در رابطه با فرم میدان در شهرسازی مدرن امروزی در منطقه ی مزبور رهنمون شود. پرواضح است تباین، تمایز و صفت مشخص یک منطقه می تواند با تجدید بنای چشم انداز اولیه به روشنی بررسی گردد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| میدان؛ توسعه ی پایدار؛ فضای شهری؛ اقلیم سرد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Urban Square in Turkmen Period and Sustainable Development in Northwestern Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Amin Moradi1؛ Sepideh Bakhtiari2؛ Sahar Bakhtiari3 | ||
| 1Ph.D Candidate, Hamblet Foundation, Otto Friedrich Bamberg University, Bamberg, Germany. | ||
| 2Ph.D Alumnus in Islamic Archaeology Art and Architecture Faculty, University Of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran. | ||
| 3Ph.D Alumnus in Archaeology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan,Zahedan,Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
Urban Square in Turkmen Period and Sustainable Development in Northwestern Iran Amin Moradi, Sepideh Bakhtiari, Sahar Bakhtiari Introduction: The appearance of Square (Meydan) in Northwest Iran as a traditional element of the city, did not have a certain definition in the urban planning due to its structural disruption in the spatial fabric. On the other hand, since the concept of the square in this area does not match to the similar models existing in the central plateau of Iran, most researchers have assumed that the irregularity of the form in the squares of Northwest Iran is because of gradual growth, lack of spatial desirability and performance without a predesigned plan. Since the sensitivities around the issue of using energy in urban engineering necessitate a return to urban planning based on climatic factors in the modern life, the relationship between urban space and natural environment has to be analyzed before any urban design. In this regard, the design and construction of the "SahebAbad" Square in Tabriz has been studied as one of the first challenges regarding urban design during Aq-Qoyunlu dynasty, which aimed at joining urban environment with climate. Materials and Methods: This paper rests on architectural materials to justify the SahebAbad square's layout and its unique architectural features as the center of this research. In this way, the limited amount of archaeological resource, literary pieces of evidence and epigraphic records at the disposal of the architectural historians appears as the main ticket. Filling up this lacuna based on these scantily documented and apparent inconspicuous resources is the main problem of this research. Here, the research method is structured to cater to two levels. At the first level, it started from much broader aspects of urban details and architectural arrangement by emphasizing on the architectural approach to study the minute characteristics of this square in detail. The second level of the study is that of typological comparison, which is basically focused on the taxonomic classification of physical characteristics commonly found in contemporary squares. In conclusion, we combined these two at the end to make a proposition regarding the formal attitude towards the SahebAbad square. Results: Urban areas that have been designed according to the regional climate, lead to a decrease in the mechanical cooling and heating equipment, as they are affected by the natural energy of the environment. On the other hand, like a dam, Azerbaijan's lofty mountains range do not let the wet Mediterranean weather to penetrate Iran's plateau, keeping the humidity in its feet. Similarly, the cold, humidity and freezing caused by that phenomenon have led urban neighborhoods to be placed side by side in a way that they limit the penetration of undesirable cold air while confining urban spaces and as a result, the cold air is adjusted as the heat is cast from the exterior surfaces of warm building walls to small open spaces. Therefore, in order to remove the problem of humidity caused by precipitation, the issue of finding a solution for the air circulation led to the disruption of urban elements in the local architecture of the Northwest Iran. Conclusion: According to the results, the city and landscape are two manmade and natural systems which have a close effect on one another. It seems that the construction of the Saheb Abad Square in Turkman period, which is due to a change from the medieval times to the Renaissance, the results of mutual interaction between the Northwest country as the closest urban center of Iran and Europe has terminated the absence of open space in Iran's urban system, introducing a square space with a new form and shape into Iranian urbanism. There is a significant relationship between form and sustainability in a way that recognizing the form and explaining its growth pattern is considered an important step in achieving urban sustainability. Accordingly, the implementation of policies and strategies of urban planning and designing must achieve an optimal form. The spatial arrangement of the square in SahebAbad in Tabriz is exactly in line with the environmental and climatic conditions, having a unique identity for its region. Funding: There is no funding support Authors' Contribution: The authors confirm contribution to the paper as follows: Study conception and analysis and interpretation of results: Amin Moradi. Data collection: Sepideh Bakhtiari. Draft manuscript preparation: Sahar Bakhtiari. All authors reviewed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript. Conflict of Interest: Authors declared no conflict of interest. References Ahmadi, F., (2003). Sustainable Architecture. Journal of Islamic Architecture 40: 42-51.[in Persian] Anderson, W.P., Kanaroglou, P.S. and Miller, E.I., (1966). Urban form Energy and the Environment, a Review of Issues and Policy, Urban Studies, Vol.33, No.1, pp. 7-33. Aynsley. R. M., (2006). A study of Airflow Through and Around Buildings. Ph.D. Thesis, University of New South Wales. School of Building. Brebbia. CA. and Beriatos. E., (2011). Sustainable Development and Planning V. WIT press, Greece. Büyükcivelek A.B. (2012). Meydan-Kent Meydani. 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Building climatology. WMO, Tech. Note No. 109. Sattarzadeh, D. and Blilan, L. (2013). Review Drawn Miniatures of Tabriz City by Nasuh in 16th Century. International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development 3 (3): 14-23. Seif al-Dini, F. (2012). Explaining the distribution and compactness of urban form in Amol with a sustainable urban form approach. Human Geographic Researches. 80: 155-176. [in Persian] Thornthwaite. C., W. (1948). An Approach toward a Rational Classification of Climate. Geographical Review 38: 55-94. | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 492 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 486 |
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