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امکان سنجی شناسایی جامعه به عنوان صاحب حق نسبت به حریم خصوصی درگذشتگان با مطالعه تطبیقی | ||
| پژوهشنامه حقوق تطبیقی | ||
| مقاله 12، دوره 5، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 8، مهر 1400، صفحه 239-259 اصل مقاله (431.29 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22080/lps.2021.22609.1283 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| عباس میرشکاری* 1؛ علیرضا فتاحی کتی لته2 | ||
| 1استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی و اسلامی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق قضایی، دانشگاه علوم قضایی و خدمات اداری، تهران، ایران. | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 17 آبان 1400، تاریخ بازنگری: 09 آذر 1400، تاریخ پذیرش: 25 آذر 1400 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| حریم خصوصی را می توان از جمله حقوق مسلم اشخاص دانست، اما آیا درگذشتگان نیز، همچون زندگان، نسبت به اطلاعات شخصی‌‌شان از حق حریم خصوصی برخوردارند؟ در پاسخ به این پرسش، علی رغم حرمت های اخلاقی و شرعی موجود نسبت به نقض حریم خصوصی متوفا، به نظر میرسد با توجه به پایان اهلیت تمتع اشخاص با مرگ، به دشواری بتوان متوفی را همچنان نسبت به حریم خصوصی‌اش محق دانست؛ ازاین رو، وقتی خود متوفی نسبت به حق حریم خصوصی‌اش ذی‌حق نباشد، طبیعتاً، وراث وی نیز، قائم‌مقام او محسوب نخواهند شد، اگرچه می‌توانند بابت زیان‌هایی که به صورت مستقیم از لطمه به حریم خصوصی مورث‌شان دیده‌اند، به اصالت طرح دعوا کنند. نفی این دو گزینه ایجاب میکند که جامعه را به عنوان گزینه ی سوم نسبت به ذی حقی حریم خصوصی درگذشتگان مورد مطالعه قرار داد. در این راستا به نظر میرسد جامعه را بتوان ذی‌نفع اصلی نسبت به حریم خصوصی متوفی دانست. در واقع، این جامعه است که با انتشار اطلاعات خصوصی یکی از اعضایش ولو پس از مرگ، آسیب می‌بیند. این مبنا، همان‌گونه که می‌تواند حفظ اطلاعات خصوصی درگذشتگان را توجیه کند، در مواردی که انتشار اطلاعات خصوصی متوفی در راستای منافع عمومی جامعه باشد نیز، اقدام به انتشار اطلاعات متوفی را قابل توجیه می‌سازد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| حریم خصوصی؛ متوفی؛ اطلاعات؛ جامعه؛ مرگ | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Feasibility of Recognizing the Society as Beneficiary of Privacy of Descendants with Comparative Analysis | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Abbas Mirshekari1؛ Alireza Fattahi Ketilate2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2Master of Private Law , Faculty of Law, University of Judicial Sciences & amp; Administrative Services, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Privacy is one of the prominent rights of individuals in society. Do the deceased have the right to their privacy of personal information like the living? To answer this question, in spite of ethical and jurisprudential prohibition to the violation of deceased person's privacy, it seems since the deceased would lose the capacity to enjoy the right in question after their death, they can rarely be entitled to their right to privacy. Accordingly, when the deceased person has no competence to his/her privacy right, their heirs will not be regarded as their successors, though they can file a lawsuit for the losses related to them caused by the violation of their bequeather's privacy. Given that the two aforementioned options are rejected; It is necessary to examine the society as third alternative. In this regard, the society seems to be considered as the true beneficiary of the deceased person's privacy. This comment is due to the fact that the community incurs losses when the personal information of one of its members is revealed, albeit after his/her death. Thus, this basis is justifiable not only to protect the deceased's personal information, but also to reveal it as being in the public interest. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Privacy, Deceased, Information, Society, Death | ||
| مراجع | ||
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