آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 28 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 391 |
| تعداد مقالات | 3,806 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 6,234,374 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 4,571,728 |
مطالعه تطبیقی اجرای اسناد نهایی در طرق بر خطِ جایگزین حل اختلاف | ||
| پژوهشنامه حقوق تطبیقی | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 6، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 9، فروردین 1401، صفحه 101-123 اصل مقاله (497.63 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22080/lps.2022.23149.1306 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سیدعلیرضا رضائی1؛ رضا معبودی نیشابوری* 2؛ اعظم انصاری2؛ عبدالله خدابخشی شلمزاری2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق علوم و سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران. | ||
| 2استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 28 بهمن 1400، تاریخ بازنگری: 26 اسفند 1400، تاریخ پذیرش: 02 خرداد 1401 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| توسعه روزافزون تجارت الکترونیکی و دسترسی بیشتر به امکانات تکنولوژیکی باعث گردیده که حل وفصل اختلافات برخط، به یکی از مباحث مهم علم حقوق در عرصه جهانی مبدل گردد. یکی از جنبه‌های مهم هر روش حل اختلافی، نحوه اجرای نتیجۀ روش مذکور است و به طور سنتی اسناد نهایی حل اختلاف از طریق اجبار محکومٌ‌علیه به وسیله دادگاههای ملی اجرا می‌شوند. امکان اجرای اسناد نهایی حل اختلاف برخط از این طریق محل ابهام و تردید است زیرا تمام یا بخشی از روابط طرفین و مقام حل اختلاف در فضای برخط برقرار می‌شود و در بسیاری از موارد، مقررات بین‌المللی و ملی موجود، قواعدی در خصوص حمایت اجرایی از روش‌های برخط حل اختلاف وضع ننموده‌اند. به همین دلیل، فعالان حقوقی عرصه تجارت الکترونیکی، روش‌های نوینی را برای اجرای اسناد نهایی حل اختلاف برخط پیش‌بینی نموده‌اند. با توجه به مراتب فوق، اجرای اسناد نهایی حل اختلاف بر خط در دو مبحث اصلی در این مقاله مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است: «اجرای اجباری اسناد نهایی حل اختلاف برخط» و «اجرای اختیاری اسناد نهایی حل اختلاف برخط». در نهایت پژوهش حاضر به این نتیجۀ نائل آمده است که اجرای اجباری اسناد نهایی حل اختلاف برخط از طریق دخالت دادگاههای ملی، حتی در فرض وجود امکان قانونی، با اوصاف و مقتضیات روش‌های حل اختلاف مذکور تناسبی ندارد و استفاده از روش‌های اختیاری اجرای اسناد نهایی حل اختلاف برخط در صورت وضع قواعد حمایتی لازم، می‌تواند با افزایش قابل توجه امکان اجرای اسناد نهایی حل اختلاف برخط، بر اعتبار کلی روش‌های مذکور بیافزاید و اشخاص و فعالان تجاری را به استفاده از طرق حل اختلاف مذکور ترغیب کند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| "حل و فصل اختلافات برخط"؛ داوری برخط"؛ میانجی‌گری برخط"؛ کنوانسیون نیویورک"؛ قراردادهای هوشمند"؛ "نماد اعتماد" | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A Comparative Study of the Enforcement of Final Documents in Online Alternative Dispute Resolution Methods | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| SeyedAlireza Rezaee1؛ Reza Maboudi Neishabouri2؛ Azam Ansari2؛ Abdollah Khodabakhshi Shalamzari2 | ||
| 1Phd Student of Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant Professor of Private Law Department, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The increasing development of e-commerce and greater access to technological facilities have made online dispute resolution as one of the most important global legal topics. One of the most important aspects of any dispute resolution method is how the outcome of the dispute should be enforced, and traditionally the final dispute resolution documents are enforced by the national courts through the coercion of the loosing party. The possibility of enforcement of final documents resulting from online dispute resolution methods is questionable because all or part of the relationships between the parties and the dispute resolution authority is established online, and in many cases, current international and national regulations do not provide efficient rules for enforcement of said documents. For this reason, e-commerce legal activists have envisioned new ways to enforcement of final documents resulting from online dispute resolution methods. In this article, the enforcement of final documents resulting from online dispute resolution methods has been studied in two main topics: "Compulsory enforcement of final documents resulting from online dispute resolution methods" and "Voluntary enforcement of final documents resulting from online dispute resolution methods". Finally, the present study has concluded that the compulsory enforcement of final documents resulting from online dispute resolution methods through the intervention of national courts, even if there is a legal possibility, is not commensurate with the characteristics and requirements of online dispute resolution methods and the use of voluntary methods if the necessary related rules are established, can significant increase the overall validity of online dispute resolution methods by notably increasing the possibility of enforcement of final documents resulting from said methods and encourage parties and business activists to use these dispute resolution methods. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| ", Online Dispute Resolution", Online Arbitration", Online Mediation", New York Convention", Smart Contracts", "Trustmark" | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Alexander, N.,; Chong, S. (2019). The Singapore Convention on Mediation – A Commentary. Netherlands: Wolters Kluwer. Alipour Herisi, A.,; Trachte-Huber, W. (2019). Aftermath of the Singapore Convention: A Comparative Analysis between the Singapore Convention and the New York Convention. American Journal of Mediation, 12. Badrizadeh, Sima; Tavassoli Naini, Manucheher, (2012), Recognition and Enforcement of International Commercial Arbitration Decisions Issued in Cyberspace, The Journal of Comparetive Law, Vol. 21, pp. 123-146. [In Persian] Born, G. (2014). International Commercial Arbitration. New York: Kluwer Law International. Chua, E. (2019). Enforcement Of International Mediated Settlements Without The Singapore Convention On Mediation. Singapore Academy of Law Journal. Cortes:,; de la Rosa, F. (2013). Building a Global Redress System for Low-Value Cross-Border Disputes. International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 62(2), 407-440. Duca, D., Louis, F., Rule, C.,; Loebl, Z. (2012). Facilitating Expansion Of Cross-Border E-Commerce Developing A Global Online Dispute Resolution Systems (Lessons derived from existing ODR systems-work of the United Nations Commission on International trade law). Penn State Law Legal Studies Research Paper, 1(1), 59-85. Feehily, R. (2013). The Legal Status and Enforceability of Mediated Settlement Agreements. Hibernian Law Journal, 12, 1-26. Haloush, H. (2007). Enforcement, Recognition, and Compliance with OADR Outcome. International Review of Law, Computers; Technology, 21(2), 81-96. Hanriot, M. (2015). Online Dispute Resolution (Odr) as a Solution to Cross Border Consumer Disputes: The Enforcement of Outcomes. McGill Journal of Dispute Resolution, 2, 1-22. Joneydi, Laya, (2013), Execution Of Foreign Commercial Arbitral Awards, Third Edition, Tehran: SDIL. [In Persian] Katsh, E.,; Rifkin, J. (2001). Online Dispute Resolution: Resolving Conflicts in Cyberspace. San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Kaufmann-Kohler, G. (2005). Online Dispute Resolution And Its Significance For International. In G. Aksen, Global Reflections On International Law, Commerce And Dispute Resolution Liber amicorum in honor of Robert Briner (pp. 437-456). Paris: International Chamber of Commerce. Kaufmann-Kohler, G.,; Schultz, T. (2004). Online Dispute Resolution: Challenges for Contemporary Justice. Hague: Kluwer Law International. Ma, W., Lo, C., Boulle, L.,; Wolski, B. (2014). Enforcing Cross-Border Mediated Settlement Agreements. Contemporary Asia Arbitration Journal, 7(1), 3-34. Maboudi, Reza; Rezaee, Seyed Alireza, (2020), Comparative Study of Arbitral Awards and Settlement Agreements Refusal Grounds of Relief in Iranian Law and International Provisions, Comparative Law Biquarterly, Vol 5, No 1, pp 173-192. [In Persian] Mafi, Homainyun; Kaviar, Hossein, (2014), Resolving Commercial Disputes Through Online Arbitration, In: Collection Of Articles Celebrating The 10th Anniversary Of The Establishment Of The Iran Chamber Arbitration Center, Tehran: Chatre Danesh. Mafi, Homayun, (2016), A Description Of Iran's International Commercial Arbitration law, Tehran: University of Judicial Sciences and Administrative Services. Morris-Sharma, N. (2019). Constructing The Convention On Mediation The Chairperson’s Perspective. Singapore Academy of Law Journal, 31. Naser, Mehdi; Sadeghi, Hossein (2019), Validation and Expression of legal Challenges in the Application of Smart Contracts: Comparative Study in the Iranian And American Legal System, Private Law Research, Vo. 7, No. 27, pp. 255-288. [In Persian] Nicuesa, A. (2018). Reputational Feedback Systems and Consumer Rights: Improving the European Online Redress System. International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution, 5(1-2), 122-145. Redfern, A.,; Hunter, M. (2004). Law And Practice Of International Commercial Arbitration. London: Sweet; Maxwell. Schnabel, T. (2019). The Singapore Convention On Mediation: Framework For The Cross-Border Recognition And Enforcement Of Mediated Settlements. Pepperdine dispute resolution law journal, 19(1), 1-60. Shams, Abdollah, (2019), Enforcement of Civil Judgements, Vol. 1, Tehran: Derak. Shiravi, Abdolhossein, (2012), International Trade Law, Tehran: Samt. Treichl, C. (2020). The Singapore Convention: Towards a Universal Standard for the Recognition and Enforcement of International Settlement Agreements? Journal of International Dispute Settlement. Uncitral. (2006). Recommendation Regarding The Interpretation Of Article Ii, Paragraph 2, And Article Vii, Paragraph 1, Of The Convention On The Recognition And Enforcement Of Foreign Arbitral Awards. Uncitral. (2013). Online Dispute Resolution For Cross-Border Electronic Commerce Transactions: Overview Of Private Enforcement Mechanisms. United Nations. Vienna: Uncitral Working Group III. Retrieved December 15, 2021, from https://undocs.org/en/A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.124 Wang, F. F. (2009). Online Dispute Resolution Technology, Management And Legal Practice From An International Perspective. London: Chandos Publishing. Wang, F. F. (2017). Online Dispute Resolution: Best Practices in Comparative Perspective. Journal of Comparative Law, 12(2), 472-495. Wolff, R. (2017). E-Arbitration Agreements And E-Awards–Arbitration Agreements Concluded In An Electronic Environment And Digital Arbitral Awards. In M. Piers,; C. Aschauer, Arbitration in the Digital Age: The Brave New World of Arbitration (pp. 151-181). Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. Zheng, J. (2020). Online Resolution of E-commerce Disputes Perspectives from the European Union, the UK, and China. Shanghai: Springer. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 290 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 168 |
||