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تاثیر سرمایه اجتماعی بر رابطه سرمایه انسانی و رشد اقتصادی | ||
| پژوهشنامه اقتصاد کلان Macroeconomics Research Letter | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 16، شماره 31، شهریور 1400، صفحه 179-198 اصل مقاله (445.36 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22080/iejm.2022.22471.1886 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فاطمه مفتخری1؛ یونس نادمی* 2؛ علی کاوند2 | ||
| 1کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد آموزش، دانشگاه آیت الله بروجردی، بروجرد، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار اقتصاد، دانشگاه آیت الله بروجردی، بروجرد، ایران | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 28 مهر 1400، تاریخ بازنگری: 02 اسفند 1400، تاریخ پذیرش: 04 اسفند 1400 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سرمایه انسانی از منظر نظریههای اخیر رشد اقتصادی یکی از ملزومات اساسی رشد اقتصادی محسوب میشود، اما بسیاری از کشورهای در حال توسعه علی رغم سرمایهگذاریهای زیاد در گسترش نظام آموزشی و تقویت سرمایه انسانی، توفیقات چندانی در دستیابی به رشد اقتصادی پایدار و در نهایت توسعه اقتصادی نداشتهاند. هدف این مقاله پاسخگویی به این موضوع است که سرمایه انسانی تحت چه شرایطی میتواند یک نیروی مولد برای رشد اقتصادی پایدار و در نهایت توسعه اقتصادی باشد. بدین منظور فرضیه اثرگذاری سطح سرمایه اجتماعی بر اثربخشی رابطه سرمایه انسانی و رشد اقتصادی مورد آزمون قرار گرفته است. نمونه آماری شامل 20 کشور توسعه یافته و در حالتوسعه شامل ایران با استفاده از داده‌های بانک جهانی و موسسه لگاتوم، طی سالهای 2009 تا 2018 در نظر گرفته شده است. در این پژوهش از مدل پانل پویای آستانهای و روش گشتاورهای تعمیم‌یافته (GMM) استفاده شده است. نتایج برآورد مدل نشان داده است که اثرگذاری سرمایه انسانی بر رشد اقتصادی بستگی به سطح سرمایه اجتماعی دارد. به عبارت دیگر در شرایطی که سطح سرمایه اجتماعی پایین‌تر از آستانه 8/50 از شاخص سرمایه اجتماعی باشد، سرمایه انسانی توان اثرگذاری مثبت بر رشد اقتصادی ندارد بلکه به دلیل مسائلی چون بیکاری فارغ التحصیلان و پدیده فرار مغزها تاثیری منفی نیز بر رشد اقتصادی برجای می‌گذارد. اما در صورتیکه سطح سرمایه اجتماعی بالا باشد و از آستانه 8/50 بالاتر رود، اثرگذاری سرمایه انسانی بر رشد مثبت میشود و در چنین جامعه‌ای سرمایه اجتماعی به عنوان بستری برای شکوفایی سرمایه انسانی عمل می‌کند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| رشد اقتصادی؛ سرمایه انسانی؛ سرمایه اجتماعی؛ پانل پویای آستانهای؛ کشورهای توسعه‌یافته و در حال توسعه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Effect of Social Capital on the Relationship between Human Capital and Economic Growth | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Fatemeh Moftakhari1؛ Younes Nademi2؛ Ali Kavand2 | ||
| 1Master of Arts, Department of Economics, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, Boroujerd, Iran, | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, Boroujerd, | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| . Human capital is one of the basic requirements of economic growth from the perspective of recent theories of economic growth. However, many developing countries have not been successful in achieving sustainable economic growth and ultimately economic development despite their large investments on expanding the education system and strengthening the human capital. The purpose of this article is to answer the following research question: Under what conditions human capital can be a productive force for sustainable economic growth and ultimately economic development? For this purpose, the hypothesis of the effect of social capital level on the relationship between human capital and economic growth has been tested. The sample included 20 developed and currently developing countries, including Iran. The data has been obtained from the World Bank and the Legatum Institute for the years 2009-2018. In this study, the Threshold Dynamic Panel Model (TDPM) and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) method have been used. The results of model estimation have shown that the impact of human capital on economic growth depends on the level of social capital, i.e., when the level of social capital is below the threshold of 50.8 of the social capital index, the human capital cannot have a positive effect on economic growth. However, issues such as graduate unemployment and brain drain phenomenon also have a negative effect on the economic growth. In contrast, when the level of social capital is high exceeding the threshold of 50.8, the impact of human capital is positive and in such societies, social capital acts as a platform for the flourishing of human capital. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Economic growth, Human capital, Social capital, Threshold dynamic panel, Developed and developing countries | ||
| مراجع | ||
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