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قانون اساسی مدرن و الزامات مفهومی آن در رویکردی تطبیقی | ||
پژوهشنامه حقوق تطبیقی | ||
مقاله 12، دوره 7، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 11، فروردین 1402، صفحه 219-236 اصل مقاله (504.28 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22080/lps.2022.24480.1417 | ||
نویسنده | ||
سید مجتبی واعظی* | ||
دانشیار گروه حقوق عمومی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران. | ||
تاریخ دریافت: 08 آبان 1401، تاریخ بازنگری: 29 آذر 1401، تاریخ پذیرش: 20 دی 1401 | ||
چکیده | ||
مسأله تقابل و تعامل سنت و مدرنیته، در ایران پس از گذشت بیش از یکصد سال از جنبش قانونخواهی مشروطه ظاهراً هنوز حل نشده و همچنان بحثهای مختلفی را به خود اختصاص میدهد. به نظر میرسد در نظام جمهوری اسلامی ایران، علیرغم پذیرش وصف جمهوریت برای نظام و اخذ قالب حقوقی مهم «قانون اساسی»، لوازم و اقتضائات وصف و قالب مذکور بهطور دقیق و کامل مورد اعتنا قرار نگرفته و با ترقیق مفاهیم، پنداشته شده است میتوان همخوانی لازم را بهراحتی ایجاد کرد. لکن مروری بر تجربه چهلساله جمهوری اسلامی نشان میدهد بسیاری چالشها نتیجه چنین رویکرد آسانگیرانهای است. در این نوشتار برآنیم تا نشان دهیم قانون اساسی، یک سند خنثی و انعطاف پذیر در اختیار قدرت حاکم نیست و الزامات مبنایی و مفهومی آن در بستر حقوق عمومی مدرن باید فهم و در نظر گرفته شود. بر این مبنا قانون اساسی، یکی از مفاهیم بنیادین حقوق عمومی مدرن است و از همین روی، به عنوان عین یا نتیجه «قرارداد اجتماعی» و دالّ بر تقدم آزادی بر قدرت، و یک سند و متن «حال» تلقی میگردد که در زمان تفسیر باید به صورت پویا و روزآمد، با در نظر گرفتن افکار عمومی تفسیر گردد. در عین حال، نمیتوان آن را طوری تفسیر کرد که اصول بنیادین حقوق عمومی مدرن مانند قانونی بودن جرم و مجازات، یا محدودیت قدرت و عدم صلاحیت مراجع عمومی، نادیده یا کمرنگ انگاشته شود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
آزادی؛ تفسیر پویا؛ قانون اساسی؛ قرارداد اجتماعی؛ مدرنیته | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Concept of Modern Constitution and its Conceptual Requirements | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Seyyed Mojtaba Vaezi | ||
Associate Professor, Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
In the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, despite the acceptance of the description of the republic for the system and the adoption of an important legal framework of the "Constitution", it seems that the requirements of this description and format have not been carefully and completely considered and elaborated. However, by diluting its concepts, it is thought that the necessary alignment can be easily created. A review of the Islamic Republic's forty years of experience shows that many challenges are the result of such an easy-going approach. In this article, we intend to show that the Constitution is not a neutral and flexible document at the disposal of the ruling power, and its basic and conceptual requirements must be understood and considered in the context of modern public law. Therefore, the Constitution is one of the fundamental concepts of modern public law and is therefore considered as the object or result of the "social contract", the indication of the primacy of freedom over power, and a document and text of the "present" that must be interpreted dynamically and up-to-date, taking into account public opinion. At the same time, it cannot be interpreted in a way that ignores or diminishes the basic principles of modern public law, such as the legality of crime and punishment, or the limitation of power and the incompetence of public authorities. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Constitution, Dynamic interpretation, Freedom, Modernity, Social contract | ||
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