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قرار صلاحیت کیفری در وضعیت دولت فلسطین از منظر دوستان دیوان کیفری بین المللی | ||
پژوهشنامه حقوق تطبیقی | ||
مقاله 4، دوره 7، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 11، فروردین 1402، صفحه 69-88 اصل مقاله (528.12 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22080/lps.2022.24497.1421 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
زهرا ساعدی* 1؛ جواد صالحی2 | ||
1استادیار گروه حقوق کیفری و جرم شناسی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران. | ||
2دانشیار حقوق بین الملل گروه حقوق دانشگاه پیام نور تهران، تهران، ایران. | ||
تاریخ دریافت: 13 آبان 1401، تاریخ بازنگری: 08 آذر 1401، تاریخ پذیرش: 29 دی 1401 | ||
چکیده | ||
دادستان دیوان کیفری بینالمللی در سال 2020 از شعبه مقدماتی تقاضا کرد تا بر اساس ماده (3)19 اساسنامه آن، در خصوص وضعیت دولت فلسطین قرار صلاحیت کیفری صادر نماید. قرار صلاحیت کیفری به معنای شروع تحقیقات مقدماتی در زمینه جنایات اسرائیل علیه فلسطینیها در سرزمینهای اشغالی است. شعبه مقدماتی قبل از بررسی تقاضای دادستان، از نهادها، دولتها و اشخاص صاحبنظر تحت عنوان دوست دیوان تقاضا کرد تا ملاحظات خود را در این ارتباط اعلام کنند. بنابراین لوایح متعددی به دفتر دیوان ارسال شد که برخی حاکی از موافقت و برخی دیگر نیز حاکی از مخالفت با صدور قرار صلاحیت کیفری بودند. بر این اساس، با شیوهی توصیفی و تحلیلی، پژوهش حاضر به تبیین ابعاد و رویکردهای موافقان و مخالفان صلاحیت دیوان کیفری بینالمللی در وضعیت دولت فلسطین میپردازد. سوال پژوهش این است که دلیل موافقت و مخالفت دوستان دیوان کیفری بینالمللی با صدور قرار صلاحیت کیفری در وضعیت دولت فلسطین چیست؟ نتایج تحقیق نشان میدهد که، رویکرد موافقان صلاحیت دیوان کیفری بینالمللی از حیث حقوق بینالمللی عرفی و نیز مقررات اساسنامه رم صحیح و منطبق بر عقلانیت حقوقی است. زیرا عمدهی چالشها در خصوص وضعیت فلسطین، به مسالهی دولت بودن یا نبودن آن برمیگردد که شناسایی فلسطین به موجب قطعنامه مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل بعنوان دولت غیرعضو ناظر شاهد مطمئنی بر تلقی فلسطین بعنوان دولت است. به همین دلیل، شعبه مقدماتی قرار صلاحیت کیفری در وضعیت دولت فلسطین را علیرغم مخالفت دوستان دیوان کیفری بینالمللی صادر نمود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
دولت فلسطین؛ قرار صلاحیت کیفری؛ صلاحیت سرزمینی؛ مشروعیت؛ دولت بودن؛ دوستان دیوان کیفری بینالمللی | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
The Ruling on Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court in the State of Palestine from the Perspective of Amicus Curiae | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Zahra Saedi1؛ Javad Salehi2 | ||
1Assistant professor of criminal law and criminology, law department, Shahid Chamran university of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran | ||
2Associate professor of internatiobal law, law department, Payam Noor university of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
In 2020, the prosecutor of the ICC requested the pretrial chamber to issue a Ruling on Jurisdiction under Article 19(3) of its statute regarding the state of Palestine. The Ruling on Jurisdiction means the beginning of preliminary investigations into the crimes committed by the Zionist regime against the Palestinians in the occupied territories. Before examining the request of the prosecutor, the pretrial chamber requested the institutions, governments, and experts under the title Amicus curiae to state their considerations in this regard. Therefore, several bills were sent to the court's office, some of which indicated the approval of and others indicated the opposition to the ruling on jurisdiction. With a descriptive and analytical method, the present study explains the dimensions and approaches of the proponents and opponents of the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court in the state of Palestine?” The research question asks: “What is the reason for the agreement and disagreement of Amicus curiae with the ruling on jurisdiction in the state of Palestine. The results of the research show that the approach of the supporters of the jurisdiction of the Court in terms of customary international law and the provisions of the Rome Statute is correct and in accordance with legal reasonability. Since most of the challenges regarding the state of Palestine are related to the issue of the statehood of Palestine, and the recognition of Palestine as a non-member observer state by the UN General Assembly resolution is a sure proof of Palestine as a state, the preliminary branch issued the decision of criminal jurisdiction in the state of Palestine despite the opposition of the friends of the International Criminal Court. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
State of Palestine, a Ruling on Jurisdiction, Territorial jurisdiction, Legitimacy, Statehood, Amicus curiae of the International Criminal Court | ||
مراجع | ||
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