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امتناع از رسیدگی به جهت رد دادرس با نگاهی تطبیقی در حقوق فرانسه | ||
| پژوهشنامه حقوق تطبیقی | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 8، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 13، فروردین 1403، صفحه 135-155 اصل مقاله (469.77 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22080/lps.2023.25332.1503 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| حسن محسنی* | ||
| دانشیار گروه حقوق خصوصی و اسلامی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 31 فروردین 1402، تاریخ بازنگری: 29 خرداد 1402، تاریخ پذیرش: 31 تیر 1402 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هنگامی که کسی حق دادخواهی خود را اعمال می کند و رسیدگی آغاز می شود، هر گونه وقفه و مانعیت در این کار تا مرز واکنش استنکاف از احقاق حق، بازخورد دارد و ممنوع است. با وجود این، جهات رد دادرس که ریشه در دو اصل بی طرفی دادرس و استقلال دادگاه دارد، به نوعی در فرایند رسیدگی مانعیتی پدید می آورد که اجرای نادرست آن میتواند حق دادخواهی را با ارسال بی مورد پرونده به دادرسان و دادگاه های دیگر متاثر نماید یا این که متداعیین را نسبت به دادرسی که خود را مردود نمیداند دل چرکین کند. این جهات که در قانون شمارشان محصور شده، اگر به رعایت اصول مرقوم اجرا شوند، نوعی تعادل و توازن در اجرای اصول به وجود خواهد آمد که نه مخل دادخواهی است و نه بی اعتباری دادرسی و رای. با این وصف، نگنجیدن یک جهت در قالب ایراد رد دادرس، مانع طرح آن به شکل دفاع در فرایند طرق شکایت برای نقض رای نیست که دیدگاهی نو در این مقاله است. همچنین، شش رای وحدت رویه دیوان عالی کشور که درباره شناخت مصادیق رد و اثر قرار امتناع از رسیدگی صادر شده، گرچه توانسته تا حد زیادی ابهامات قوانین را مرتفع کند ولی، به همه پرسش های پیرامون این جهات و آن قرار پاسخ نمی دهد و کاستی ها باقی است. برخی رای های وحدت رویه در عین اهمیت، درباره اجرای اصول بی طرفی و استقلال، راهکاری ندارند و برخی دیگر، متاثر از سوء استفاده از ایراد رد دادرس صادر شده اند حال آنکه مطالعات تطبیقی می تواند رهیافت های سودمندی برای اصلاح قوانین و مقررات و نگرش ها به دست دهد. در این مقاله کوشش شده، تا حدی از آورده حقوق تطبیقی برای کاربست بهتر قوانین آیین دادرسی بهره برده شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| جهات رد دادرس؛ قرار امتناع از رسیدگی؛ استقلال دادگاه؛ بی طرفی دادرس؛ ضمانت اجرا | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Refusal to Adjudication due to the Judge's Recuse Comparative Study in French Law | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hassan Mohseni | ||
| Associate Professor, Department of Private and Islamic Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| When someone exercises his right of action and the proceedings begin, any interruption and obstruction in this work has a negative effect and is prohibited. Despite this, the reasons for recuse the judge, which is rooted in the two principles of the impartiality of the judge and the independence of the court, in some way create an obstacle in the process of proceedings, so the incorrect implementation of that can affect the right to action by sending the case to other judges or courts in which the litigants to be felt upset about the proceedings that he does not consider himself recused. These recuse causes, which are contained in the law, if they are implemented in accordance with that principles, there will be a kind of balance in the implementation of the principles, which will not interfere with litigation, nor invalidate the proceedings and the judgment. With this definition, not including a direction in the form of recuse to the judge does not prevent it from being presented as a defense in the process of complaining about the reviewing of the decision, which is a new point of view in this article. Also, the six unification decisions of the Supreme Court, which have been issued regarding the clarification of hard cases of recuse and the effect of refusal to adjudication, although it has been able to solve the ambiguities of the laws to a large extent, it does not answer all the questions surrounding these aspects and shortcomings remain. Some unification decisions of the Supreme Court, while important, do not have a solution regarding the implementation of the principles of neutrality and independence, and others have been issued due to the misuse of the judge's recuse, while comparative studies can provide useful approaches to reform laws and regulations. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Causes of Recuse the judge, Refusal to adjudication, Independence of the court, impartiality of the judge, Guarantees | ||
| مراجع | ||
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