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شرط تنصیف دارایی در حقوق ایران و انگلیس | ||
| پژوهشنامه حقوق تطبیقی | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 8، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 16، دی 1403، صفحه 179-199 اصل مقاله (453.87 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22080/lps.2023.25693.1538 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مریم فخاریان1؛ مهدی حمزه هویدا* 2 | ||
| 1مربی گروه حقوق، دانشگاه پیام نور، همدان، ایران. | ||
| 2استادیار گروه حقوق، مجتمع آموزش عالی نهاوند، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران. | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 14 تیر 1402، تاریخ بازنگری: 06 آبان 1402، تاریخ پذیرش: 24 آذر 1402 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در نوشتار حاضر با روش تحلیلی-توصیفی به بررسی این امر پرداخته شده است که تنصیف دارایی زوجین در حقوق ایران و انگلیس چه تفاوتها و شباهت‌هایی با یکدیگر دارند. زیرا این نهاد، در حقوق ایران، در قالب شرط ضمن عقدی است که چنانچه در زمان انعقاد عقد نکاح توسط زوج مورد قبول واقع شود؛ در هنگام تحقق طلاق با جمع شرایطی تا نیمی از دارایی‌هایی که وی در دوران زناشویی به دست آورده است، به زوجه تعلق می‌گیرد. اعمال شرط مذکور منوط به توافق طرفین است و متفاوت از نهادهای قانونی موجود همچون مهریه و نفقه می باشد. در حالی که در حقوق انگلیس، فرضی قانونی وجود دارد که دادگاه با استفاده از آن، در هنگام طلاق و حل و فصل مسائل مالی طرفین، اموال یکی از زوجین را که از وضعیت اقتصادی مناسبی برخوردار است، تقسیم نموده و به طرف مقابل می‌دهد و بدین وسیله خسارات طرف زیان‌دیده (اعم از زن یا مرد) بر اثر طلاق جبران می‌شود. تقسیم مذکور اصولاً به میزان نیمی از داراییها انجام می‌گیرد که البته در صورت وجود عواملی به میزان کمتر یا بیشتر از تساوی نوسان پیدا خواهد کرد. تنصیف دارایی در حقوق ایران و انگلیس، گرچه در ظاهر نسبتاً یکسان، اما به لحاظ ماهیت متفاوت است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| شرط ضمن عقد؛ تنصیف دارایی؛ طلاق؛ حقوق ایران؛ حقوق انگلیس | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Asset Division Clause in Iranian and English Law | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Maryam Fakhariyan1؛ Mahdi Hamze Howeyda2 | ||
| 1Instructor of Law Department, Payam Noor University, Hamadan, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Nahavand Higher Education Complex, Bu- Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| According to these explanations, we will attempt to address the following questions: "What is the nature of the property halving condition in Iranian law?" "How is property divided under English law? the property division processes in Iranian and British law the same, or do they differ? This article employs a descriptive-analytical method to analyze the relevant literature. In Iranian law, asset division can be considered a secondary condition that complements the main contract, contingent upon the agreement of the parties involved. Therefore, it is an optional condition and does not necessarily apply to the relationships between the parties. In contrast, English law typically assumes that the division of property between spouses is equal, a legal presumption that judges enforce during divorce proceedings. This division is mandatory and is not contingent upon the parties' agreement. The property division clause in Iranian law is a provision included in the marriage contract, which is found in official marriage certificates. This clause aims to ensure financial support for women following a divorce. If the husband signs this clause at the time of the marriage contract, he is obligated to transfer half of the assets he acquired during the marriage to his wife upon separation and divorce. However, some scholars have questioned the validity of this clause, arguing that it is derived from English law and does not align with Iranian legal principles. 2. Study Method The present article has been written using a descriptive-analytical method to analyze the library studies. 3. Findings Asset division in Iranian law can be added as a secondary condition in addition to the main contract with the agreement of the parties. Therefore, it is an optional condition and does not necessarily exist in the relations of the parties. In English law, dividing the property of the spouses in half is a legal assumption that is implemented by the judges during divorce and is mandatory and has nothing to do with the agreement of the parties. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Stipulation, bisection possessions, divorce, Iran law, English law | ||
| مراجع | ||
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