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واکاوی عوامل موثر بر افزایش تبدیل روستا به شهر و ایجاد خامشهرها در ایران (مطالعه موردی: استان سمنان) | ||
| مطالعات ساختار و کارکرد شهری | ||
| دوره 11، شماره 38، 1403، صفحه 103-134 اصل مقاله (592.45 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله استخراج از رساله و پایان نامه | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22080/usfs.2023.25904.2375 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| اسماعیل نجفی1؛ سعید زنگنه شهرکی* 2؛ کرامت اله زیاری3؛ علی حسینی4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری دانشکده جغرافیا دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری دانشکده جغرافیا دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3استاد جغرافیای انسانی و برنامه ریزی، دانشکده جغرافیا دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
| 4استادیارجغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده جغرافیا دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 29 مرداد 1402، تاریخ بازنگری: 28 مهر 1402، تاریخ پذیرش: 27 آذر 1402 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| طی سه دهه اخیر، یکی از اثرات فرآیند شهرگرایی شتابان بر ساختار فضایی و جمعیتی کشور، رشد فزاینده تعداد شهرها، از طریق تبدیل مراکز روستایی به شهرهای کوچک و شکل‌گیری طبقه خامشهر در انتهای هرم شبکه شهری کشور است که این تبدیل بدون ایجاد بسترهای مناسب علاوه بر افزایش هزینه‌های بخش عمومی سبب افزایش سطح توقع ساکنان این سکونتگاه‌ها شود. لذا هدف از انجام این پژوهش شناسایی عوامل موثر بر گسترش خامشهرها در سطح استان سمنان است که بیش از 50 درصد شهرهای استان را تشکیل می‌دهند. برای این منظور از روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی مبتنی بر اطلاعات کتابخانه‌ای ـ پیمایشی استفاده شد. بدین صورت که با استفاده از آمار و اسناد ابتدا عوامل موثر بر این فرایند شناسایی و سپس برای بررسی آسیب‌های موجود از تکنیک دلفی فازی استفاده شد. براساس یافته‌های پژوهش تعداد 7 خامشهر در سطح استان به نام‌های میامی، بیارجمند، امیریه، کلاته‌رودبار، کهن‌آباد، رویان و رضوان شناسایی شدند. که با دسته‌بندی عوامل ارتقاء در سه دسته طبیعی، سیاسی و برنامه-ریزانه، مشخص شد که مهمترین عامل برای گسترش خامشهرهای استان مولفه سیاسی است، که باعث ایجاد پنج خامشهر شده است و سپس عوامل جمعیتی و برنامه‌ریزانه هر کدام باعث ایجاد یک شهر شده‌اند. همچنین با استفاده از مدل تحلیل ساختاری درباره آسیب‌شناسی در تبدیل روستا به شهر ، مهمترین آسیب دخالت نمایندگان محلی در ارتقاء نقاط روستایی به شهر شناسایی شد. بنابراین اینگونه نتیجه‌گیری شد که در اکثر دوره‌های سرشماری از سال 1335، شهرهای زیر 5000 نفر وجود داشته است اما این موضوع در سه دهه اخیر با توجه به دستکاری زیاد قانون افزایش پیدا کرده است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| خامشهر؛ تبدیل روستا به شهر؛ شبکه شهری؛ تکنیک دلفی فازی؛ استان سمنان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Analyzing the Factors Affecting the Increase in the Transformation of Villages into Cities and the Creation of Premature Cities in Iran (Case Study: Semnan Province) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Esmaeil Najafi1؛ Saeed Zanganeh Shahraki2؛ Keramatollah Ziyari3؛ Ali Hosseini4 | ||
| 1Ph.D. student of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Professor of Human Geography and Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 4Assistant Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| During the last three decades, one of the effects of the accelerated urbanization process on the spatial structure of the country is the increasing growth of the number of cities through the transformation of villages into towns and the formation of premature cities at the end of the pyramid of the country's urban network. Therefore, this research aims to identify the factors for expanding raw cities in Semnan province. For this purpose, a descriptive-analytical method based on library-field information was used. Using statistics and documents, the factors of this process were first identified. The fuzzy Delphi technique was used to investigate the existing damages, and 15 experts in this field were selected by purposeful sampling. The research findings identified seven premature cities in Semnan province: Mayamy, Biarjmand, Amirieh, Kalate-Roudbar, Kohanabad, Royan, and Rezvan. By categorizing the promotion factors into three natural, political, and planning categories, it was found that the most important factor is the political component, which has created five premature cities. Each of the demographic and planning factors has also each created a city. Regarding the pathology in the transformation of the village to the city, the most important harm of the parliamentarians' involvement in the upgrading of rural areas to the city was identified, and the one-dimensionality of the law and only attention to the demographic factor was identified as the second most important harm in the process of the transformation of the village to the city. According to the findings, it was concluded that in most of the census periods since 1335, there were cities with less than 5000 people, but this issue has increased in the last three decades due to the large manipulation of the law. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| premature cities, village to city transformation, urban network, fuzzy Delphi technique, Semnan province | ||
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