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بررسی سیاست های مواجهه با کم آبی : مقایسه ایران و ترکیه در حوزه سدسازی | ||
| جامعه و محیط زیست | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 2، شماره 7، دی 1404، صفحه 57-86 اصل مقاله (1.16 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22080/jsn.2026.30716.1133 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| صادق صالحی* 1؛ لیلا بنیاد2؛ پروانه رضایی روزبهانی3؛ زهرا خرمیان4 | ||
| 1استاد جامعه شناسی، گروه توسعه اقتصادی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران. | ||
| 2استادیار جامعه شناسی، ، گروه جامعه شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه رفسنجان، کرمان، ایران. | ||
| 3دانشیار گروه برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران غرب، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 4دانشجوی دکتری جامعه شناسی | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 06 دی 1404، تاریخ بازنگری: 06 اسفند 1404، تاریخ پذیرش: 21 بهمن 1404 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| کمبود منابع آب و پیامدهای ناشی از آن از چالشهای اصلی توسعه پایدار در ایران و کشورهای همسایه است. سیاستهای سدسازی بهعنوان ابزار کلان مدیریت آب، آثار محیطزیستی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی گستردهای بهجا گذاشتهاند و نیازمند تحلیل تطبیقی و انتقادیاند. پژوهش حاضر با رویکرد سیاستپژوهی تطبیقی و روش کیفی، به تحلیل اسناد بالادستی و برنامههای توسعه ایران (۱۳۵۷ تا ۱۴۰۷) و سیاستهای مدیریت آب ترکیه (۱۹۷۰ تا ۲۰۲۳) میپردازد. در ایران تا پایان برنامه سوم توسعه، گفتمان غالب «بهرهبردارانه و کمیگرا» با تأکید بر رشد اقتصادی و توسعه کشاورزی بوده است؛ اما از برنامه چهارم به بعد، گفتمان «مدیریت پایدار منابع آب» با محوریت حفاظت محیطزیست و مشارکت ذینفعان تقویت شده و در برنامه هفتم نشانههایی از گذار به رویکردی بازارمحور و عقلانی مشاهده میشود. در ترکیه گفتمان «سدسازی برای توسعه منطقهای» با هدف عدالت فضایی و رفع محرومیت جنوب شرق کشور شکل گرفت، اما اجرای الزامات محیطزیستی با چالش مواجه بود و پروژههای کلان آبی همچنان وجههای هژمونیک و ژئوپلیتیکی دارند. نتایج نشان میدهد تداوم سیاستهای سدسازی بدون تعادل میان منافع اقتصادی، اجتماعی و محیطزیستی، توسعه پایدار را تهدید میکند. پیشنهاد میشود با تقویت سازوکارهای قانونی و نظارتی و گسترش مشارکت ذینفعان، حکمرانی آب در دو کشور با اصول توسعه پایدار همراستا شود. این مطالعه با ترکیب تحلیل گفتمان و مضمون، نخستین ارزیابی تطبیقی سیاستهای سدسازی ایران و ترکیه را ارائه میدهد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| سیاستهای آب؛ سدسازی؛ توسعه پایدار؛ ایران؛ ترکیه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Examining policies to deal with water scarcity: Comparing Iran and Türkiye in the field of dam construction | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Sadgh Salehi1؛ Leila Bonyad2؛ Parvaneh Rezaei-Rouzbahani3؛ Zahra Khoramian4 | ||
| 1Professor of Sociology, Department of Economic Development, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant Professor of Sociology, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Rafsanjan University, Kerman, Iran. | ||
| 3Department of Urban Planning , WT.C., Islamic Azad University , Tehran ,Iran | ||
| 4Phd Student | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Water scarcity and its socio-environmental consequences pose a major challenge to sustainable development in Iran and neighboring countries. Dam construction, as a macro-level water management policy, has generated extensive environmental, social, and economic impacts and therefore requires critical and comparative analysis. This study adopts a comparative policy analysis approach and employs qualitative methods to examine upstream policy documents and national development plans in Iran (1979–2028) alongside water management policies in Turkey (1970–2023). Data related to Iran were analyzed using discourse analysis to identify dominant decision-making paradigms, while Turkey’s policies were examined through thematic analysis to capture prevailing policy orientations. Findings indicate that in Iran, until the Third Development Plan, water governance was dominated by an exploitative and quantitatively oriented discourse emphasizing economic growth and agricultural expansion. From the Fourth Development Plan onward, greater attention was given to environmental protection, stakeholder participation, and sustainable water resource management. The Seventh Development Plan shows signs of a shift from interest-driven governance toward a more market-oriented and rationalized approach. In Turkey, dam construction policies have primarily been framed around water-based economic development, regional equity, and reducing underdevelopment in southeastern regions. However, weak enforcement of environmental regulations and the continued dominance of large-scale hydraulic projects suggest that dams remain influential geopolitical instruments. The study concludes that dam construction policies must balance economic, social, and environmental objectives and be supported by broad stakeholder participation. Strengthening legal and supervisory frameworks in both countries is recommended to better align water governance with sustainability principles | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Water policies, Dam construction, Sustainable development, Iran, Turkey | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 114 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 97 |
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