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تدوین و اعتبارسنجی اصول طراحی فضاهای آموزشی برای دوره ابتدایی | ||
مطالعات برنامه ریزی آموزشی | ||
مقاله 2، دوره 13، شماره 25، شهریور 1403، صفحه 28-45 اصل مقاله (783.67 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22080/eps.2024.27594.2272 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
سعید شاه حسینی* 1؛ عاطفه خیراندیش2 | ||
1استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران | ||
2دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد تکنولوژی آموزشی، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه اراک، ایران. | ||
تاریخ دریافت: 27 مرداد 1403، تاریخ بازنگری: 01 شهریور 1403، تاریخ پذیرش: 08 شهریور 1403 | ||
چکیده | ||
هدف: فضا و امکانات آموزشی مدارس از جمله مسائل مطرح در برنامهریزی آموزشی است. معماری و طراحی مدارس میتواند بر نتایج بلندمدت فرایند آموزش مؤثر باشد. این پژوهش با هدف تدوین و اعتبار سنجی اصول طراحی فضاهای آموزشی مدارس ابتدایی انجامگرفته است. روششناسی: روش پژوهش حاضر آمیخته چندمرحلهای اکتشافی است. در مرحلهی اول بهصورت کیفی مبانی نظری مربوط به فضاهای آموزشی در دوره ابتدایی از منابع مکتوب و مقالات مرتبط و مصاحبه با 10 نفر از صاحبنظران و نخبگان مرتبط با فضاهای آموزشی به دست آمد. بر این اساس فهرستی از معیارهای طراحی فضاهای آموزشی تدوین شد. مصاحبهشوندگان برحسب کفایت دادهها و با نمونهگیری زنجیرهای ملاک محور انتخاب شدند. در مرحلهی دوم به روش کمی، روایی صوری و محتوایی فهرست بهدستآمده، توسط 8 نفر از متخصصین مورد بررسی و تائید قرار گرفت و 72 گویه تائید شد. سپس دادهها با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی تحلیل شدند و بار عاملی هر عامل مشخص گردید. جامعهی آماری این مرحله پژوهش تمامی معلمان و مدیران آموزشی نمونهی شهر اراک بودند. که 153 نفر با روش نمونهگیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. پایایی این ابزار با استفاده از آزمون آلفای کرونباخ 0.95 درصد گزارش شد. یافتهها: در مرحلهی اول و کیفی پژوهش با بررسی منابع مکتوب و مصاحبهها 87 گویه استخراج شدند و در مرحلهی کمی پس از محاسبهی ضریب روایی به 72گویه تقلیل یافتند. پس از آن در تحلیل عاملی شاخصهای برازش بهدستآمده در مدل اصلاحشده نشان از کفایت و برازش مناسب مدل با دادهها داشت و تمامی گویههای وارد شده در مدل، بار عاملی بالایی با متغیرمکنون خود داشتند. نتیجهگیری و پیشنهادات: احداث و کاربری مدارس ابتدایی نیازمند توجه به عاملهای متعدد در فضاهای آموزشی، عمومی و ارتباطی و فضاهای باز است. تأثیرات روانی و جسمانی عوامل موجود در فضای آموزشی بر دانش آموزان معنادار است. لذا از آن جهت که برنامهریزی آموزشی در اهداف خود به دنبال سازماندهی محیطهای آموزشی و در پی آن بهینهسازی و بهبود فعالیتها و امکانات آموزشی است، پیشنهاد میشود برنامهریزان آموزشی پیش از احداث اینگونه بناها معیارهای ساختوساز و تجهیز آن را در نظر بگیرند. نوآوری و اصالت: با توجه به اینکه معیارهای طراحی فضاهای آموزشی برای دانشآموزان مقطع ابتدایی تاکنون گردآوری و اعتبار سنجی نشده است این پژوهش به جمعآوری اصول طراحی فضاهای آموزشی برای کودکان پرداخته است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
تدوین؛ اعتبارسنجی؛ فضاهای آموزشی؛ دوره ابتدایی؛ برنامه ریزی آموزشی | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Compilation and Validation of the Design Principles of Educational Spaces for the Elementary School | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Saeed Shahhosseini1؛ Atefeh kheirandish2 | ||
1Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Arak University, Iran | ||
2M. S. in Curriculum Planning, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Arak University, Arak, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Objective: School spaces and facilities are critical aspects of educational planning. The architecture and design of schools can significantly influence the long-term outcomes of the educational process. This study aims to establish and validate foundational principles for designing educational spaces in elementary schools. Methodology: This research employs an exploratory sequential mixed-methods approach. In the initial qualitative phase, theoretical foundations related to primary educational spaces were gathered from literature, relevant articles, and interviews with 10 experts in educational spaces. These insights were synthesized into a list of criteria for designing educational spaces. Interviewees were selected through snowball sampling, based on data saturation. In the quantitative phase, eight experts examined and validated the content and face validity of this list, resulting in 72 finalized items. The data were then analyzed using factor analysis to determine the factor loading of each item. The quantitative sample included 153 exemplary teachers and top educational administrators, selected through convenience sampling. Instrument reliability was high, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.95. Results: In the qualitative phase, 87 initial items were identified from literature and expert interviews, later refined to 72 items after content validation. The results of the fit indices in the revised model demonstrated robust fitness with the data, with all items exhibiting high factor loadings with their respective latent variables. Conclusions: The construction and utilization of elementary school spaces demand careful consideration of various educational, communal, and communication factors. The psychological and physical impact of these factors on students is profound. Given that educational planning seeks to structure environments that enhance learning and optimize educational activities and facilities, it is recommended that planners rigorously apply criteria for the design and equipping of these buildings. Innovation and Originality: As no previous study has systematically compiled and validated criteria specifically for designing elementary school spaces, this research provides a foundational framework for the design principles of educational environments tailored to young learners. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
compilation, validation, educational spaces, elementary school, Educational planning | ||
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