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درآمدی بر نقش و حدود وظایف دولت راجع به حمایت از آموزش عالی در نظامهای حقوقی منتخب | ||
| پژوهشنامه حقوق تطبیقی | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 8، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 16، دی 1403، صفحه 77-98 اصل مقاله (723.22 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22080/lps.2024.27770.1669 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| محمدقاسم تنگستانی* | ||
| دانشیار گروه حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 06 اردیبهشت 1403، تاریخ بازنگری: 26 مرداد 1403، تاریخ پذیرش: 18 آبان 1403 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| وظیفه دولت در تسهیل، تعمیم و فراهم کردن وسائل تحصیلات عالی به صورت رایگان تا سرحد خودکفائی کشور، براساس بند (3) اصل (3) و نیز اصل (30) قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران، الزامات حقوقی متعددی را برای دولت ایجاد کرده است. نظر به اینکه سیاست دولت‌ها در مقوله نظام آموزش عالی، لزوماً به شکل واحدی تنظیم نشده و نیز با توجه به چالش‌های پیش‌روی نظام آموزش عالی ایران از جمله تأمین مالی دانشگاه‌ها، عدم تناسب ظرفیت پذیرش دانشجو با نیاز بازار کار، رشد بیکاری دانش‌آموختگان برخی رشته‌ها، در این نوشتار با برگرفتن روش توصیفی-تحلیلی درصدد بررسی نحوه انعکاس وظیفه فوق در کشورهای منتخب و در نهایت، استخراج یافته‌ها و آموزه‌هایی برای نظام آموزش عالی ایران هستیم. براساس یافته‌های پژوهش پیش‌رو، حق بر آموزش و تکلیف دولت در تأمین آموزش عالی در قوانین اساسی همه کشورها منعکس نشده است. با بررسی قوانین داخلی و رویه کشورهای مختلف، به‌رغم تکلیف دولت در تنظیم چارچوب کلی نظام آموزش عالی، اولاً انحصار دولتی در ارائه خدمات مذکور وجود ندارد؛ ثانیاً رایگان بودن آموزش عالی به عنوان یک اصل کلی حاکم بر این عرصه قابل شناسایی نیست؛ ثالثاً با لحاظ رویکرد سیستمی به موضوع فوق، تنظیم سیاست دولت در مقوله آموزش عالی منطقاً باید با درنظرداشتن نظریه دولت در جامعه هدف و نیز تأثیر و تأثر سیاست مذکور بر سایر سیاست‌های اجتماعی و اقتصادی دولت‌ها صورت پذیرد. با عنایت به رشد کمّی قابل توجه آموزش عالی در ایران و چالش‌های پیش روی آن، ضرورت دارد حدود توسعه آموزش عالی متناسب با خودکفائی کشور مورد بازنگری قرار گیرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| حق بر آموزش؛ اصل سی ام قانون اساسی؛ خودکفائی؛ آموزش رایگان؛ تسهیل و تعمیم آموزش عالی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| An Introduction to the Role and Limitations of Government Responsibilities in Supporting Higher Education Across Selected Legal Systems | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Ghasem Tangestani | ||
| Associate Professor, Department of International Law., Faculty of Law and Political Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The government's obligation to facilitate, generalize, and provide access to higher education free of charge, in accordance with the country's self-sufficiency, is outlined in Articles 3 and 30 of the Constitution. This mandate has established several legal requirements for the government. Considering that the policy of governments in the higher education system is not necessarily set in a unified form, and also considering the challenges facing the higher education system of Iran, such as the financing of universities, the disproportionality of student admission capacity with the needs of the labor market, the growth of unemployment of graduates of some fields, etc., in this article, we seek to examine the way of reflecting the above task in the selected countries and finally, extracting findings and teachings for the system We are higher education in Iran. Based on the findings of the present study, the right to education and the government's obligation to provide higher education are not enshrined in the constitutions of all countries. By examining the domestic laws and procedures of various countries, it becomes evident that, despite the government's responsibility to regulate the overarching framework of the higher education system, there is no government monopoly on the provision of these services. Furthermore, free higher education cannot be regarded as a universally accepted principle in this domain. Thirdly, when adopting a systemic approach to the aforementioned issue, the regulation of government policy in the realm of higher education should be informed by the theoretical framework of the state within the target society, as well as the implications of such policies on other social and economic initiatives. Given the substantial quantitative growth of higher education in Iran and the challenges it encounters; it is essential to reassess the parameters of higher education development in alignment with the country's pursuit of self-sufficiency. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Right to Education, Article 30 of the Constitution, Self-Sufficiency, Free Education, Facilitation and Extension of Higher Education | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 134 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 36 |
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